The mechanical flexibility of a cable‐type battery reaches levels far beyond what is possible with conventional designs. The hollow‐spiral (helical) multi‐helix anode architecture is critical to the robustness under mechanical stress and facilitates electrolyte wetting of the battery components. This design enables the battery to reliably power an LED screen or an MP3 player even under severe mechanical twisting and bending.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous iohexol injection into the metatarsal region for thoracic duct lymphangiography in dogs and to determine the minimum effective dose.Study designExperimental study and clinical report.AnimalsFive healthy beagle dogs and one dog with chylothorax.MethodsFor the experimental study, iohexol was injected subcutaneously into the metatarsal region of five dogs at three doses (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL/kg), and the injection sites were massaged gently. Computed tomography (CT) was performed 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after iohexol injection. Subjective quality was assessed, and Hounsfield unit values were measured at several regions of interest (T1, T4, T8, T13, and L3). In the dog with chylothorax, iohexol (1.0 mL/kg) was injected into the right metatarsal region prior to CT.ResultsThe thoracic duct was visualized and enhanced by contrast in all dogs after injection of 0.75 and 1.0 mL/kg of iohexol, and in two dogs after injection of 0.5 mL/kg at 3, 5, and 7 minutes. The thoracic duct was gradually attenuated with increasing doses of iohexol. In the dog with chylothorax, the entire thoracic duct was well enhanced and dilated, and tortuous cranial mediastinal lymphatics were detected.ConclusionThe thoracic duct was visualized when at least 0.75 mL/kg of iohexol was injected subcutaneously into the metatarsal region of dogs.Clinical significanceSubcutaneous injection of iohexol into the metatarsal region offers a simple alternative to conventional thoracic duct lymphangiography.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of airway pressure on contrast enhancement and diameter of the pulmonary artery and determine the optimal airway pressure for pulmonary CT angiography in dogs. ANIMALS 8 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES Thoracic CT was performed at end-expiration (0 cm H2O) and 2 positive-pressure end-inspirations (10 and 20 cm H2O). Attenuation curves of enhancement for the sinus of the pulmonary trunk artery were obtained by use of a bolus technique. Contrast medium (300 mg of I/kg) was administered IV, and CT imaging began at the time of peak enhancement. At each pressure, time to peak enhancement, ratio of blood flow from the caudal vena cava to the right side of the heart (KCdVC), and enhancement characteristics and diameter changes of the pulmonary artery were evaluated. RESULTS All dogs had a significant delay for time to peak enhancement in the sinus of the pulmonary trunk artery as airway pressure increased. The KCdVC progressively increased as airway pressure increased, and there was low contrast enhancement and increased pulmonary artery filling defects at 20 cm H2O. All pulmonary arteries had marked increases in diameter as pressure increased. Arterial distensibility in the gravity-dependent cranial lung region was greater than that in the gravity-independent caudal lung region at the 2 positive-pressure end-inspirations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Airway pressure affected time to peak enhancement, KCdVC, contrast enhancement, and pulmonary artery diameter. Results suggested that 10 cm H2O could be an optimal pressure for evaluation of the pulmonary artery of dogs by use of CT angiography. (Am J Vet Res 2019;80;756–763)

Intravenous catheterization is a common procedure in human and veterinary medicine. Occasionally, a catheter might break within the blood vessel, and the fragment may cause embolization, infections, or other severe complications, and therefore must be removed promptly. For a successful and low-risk removal, the fragment should be localized accurately; however, ultrasound may be challenging to perform on small dogs due to inadequate probes. We report the case of a 2-year-old, 2.6 kg, intact female toy poodle that presented to the veterinary medical center owing to a recent onion intake; the owner requested to induce emesis. A 24 gauge peripheral intravenous catheter was inserted into the cephalic vein prior to the emetic injection. When the clinician removed the catheter, a device breakage was observed. A tourniquet was applied immediately proximal to the elbow. Ultrasonography was performed with a high-frequency small-footprint linear array transducer, also called a hockey-stick probe, to localize the fragment. An additional ultrasound was performed before surgery to confirm the location of the catheter piece, which migrated 5 cm proximally. Afterward, a surgical intervention allowed us to retrieve the fragment. This report highlights the effectiveness of a hockey-stick probe to determine the location of a catheter fragment in small breed dogs.