Arthrocentesis is a frequently performed and accepted minimally invasive and predictable procedure in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. This review aimed to evaluate arthrocentesis complications. The literature search has included PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases by using terms "((TMJ OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT OR TMD OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER) AND ARTHROCENTESIS) AND COMPLICATION". Publications up to 2019 were examined. Seven studies involving arthrocentesis complications were included. Although arthrocentesis is considered as a cost-effective and safe procedure, complications may be seen due to its proximity to important anatomical structures. Most of these complications are short-lived and can easily be managed in the outpatient clinic; however, some severe complications have rarely been reported in the literature. The practitioners who perform this procedure should be aware of these possible complications and be able to manage them in the clinic.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory function of the infraorbital nerve after orthognathic surgery (OS) . Materials and methods Patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy with or without BSSO for dentofacial deformity treatment were studied. Two groups were created according to whether BSSO was performed. Class A tests were performed to determine the degree of peripheral nerve damage. The Class B test was performed if decreased sensation was detected in at least one of these tests. A Class C test was performed if abnormal sensation was detected. Results Twenty-eight patients (n = 56) who underwent OS were included in this prospective study. Of the patients, 57.1% were female, 42.9% were male, and the mean age was 24.6 (± 3.8). Seven patients were in group 1 (n = 14), and 21 patients were in group 2 (n = 42). In both groups, there were statistically significant differences between T1 and T2 (p < 0.001), and the mean NSD score at T2 was higher than that at T1. The mean NSD score in the single jaw group was higher than that in the double jaw group at all time points. Conclusions Bimaxillary surgeries had a negative effect on the somatosensory changes that developed in the early period. The upper lip’s somatosensorial recovery was faster than IOR and single jaw recovery was faster than double jaw. Clinical relevance: Maxillofacial surgeons performing orthognathic surgery should be aware that in double jaw operations, changes in the somatosensory function of the ION are more severe.

General anesthesia has a low morbidity and mortality rate and is considered a safe procedure. Moderate hoarseness and sore throat are considered acceptable during the early postoperative period due to minor trauma even after first attempt noninvasive intubation. Vocal cord paralysis is an infrequent complication of endotracheal intubation. It also presents with hoarseness and that is why early diagnosis is difficult, especially if it appears after the orthognathic surgery procedure. There is only one case report of this complication after orthognathic surgery. In this case report, a 33-year-old healthy female patient who had unilateral vocal cord paralysis after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is presented. Although hoarseness was the first symptom, it was considered as mild hoarseness due to intubation and could not be diagnosed in the early postoperative phase until the video-laryngoscopic examination was performed. Vocal cord paralysis lasted for five months and resolved spontaneously. Although very unusual, surgeons or anesthesiologists should be aware of this unpleasant complication and pay attention to vocal cord functions after orthognathic surgery. If there is no risk of aspiration, at least six months is required before performing any interventions.

The mean marginal bone resorption (MBL) was 0.27±0.16 mm for the mesial side and 0.27±0.13mm for the distal side in the LGA group. In the HGA group, MBL was 0.77±0.28mm for the mesial side and 0.71±0.27mm for the distal side. There was no statistical significance between HGA and LGA groups regarding marginal bone resorption. However, implant angulation with the occlusal plane was correlated with marginal bone resorption in the HGA group. Conclusion:The result of this study is that a low gonial angle is not directly a risk factor for marginal bone resorption around the dental implant. However, implants should be placed perpendicular to the occlusal plane as possible in the HGA group.

smoking, head & neck radiation, and postmenopausal estrogen therapy are the risk factors for complications. 3,4 Avoiding surgical complications begins with careful assessment of patients, including systemic status, evaluating the anatomy of jaws and surgical technique to be used. However, when we encountered complications during or at the postoperative healing period, overcoming these problems is also essential.Another way to assess complications related to surgical procedures is based on the form of treatment of the complication. The Clavien-Dindo Classification can be used in all surgery fields, classify complications from Grade I to V with increasing severity eliminating confusing ÖZ Dental İmplant Cerrahisi ile İlgili Cerrahi Komplikasyonların Clavien-Dindo Sınıflandırması kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı cerrahi komplikasyonların ciddiyetini derecelendirmede kullanılan Clavien-Dindo sınıflamasını kullanarak, 2016-2019 yılları arasında aynı cerrah tarafından yapılan implantlarda karşılaşılan cerrahi komplikasyonları değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif araştırma, dental implant ameliyatı geçiren 368 vakada yapılan toplam 1171 implantı içermektedir. Ameliyatla ilgili karşılaşılan komplikasyonlar kaydedildi ve bu komplikasyonlar Clavien-Dindo Sınıflandırma sistemine göre değerlendirildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, sigara içme, Diabetes mellitus ve immediat implant yerleştirilmesi gibi diğer faktörlerin de komplikasyonlar üzerinde olası etkileri ayrıca değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Flep dehisensi, hissizlik, enfeksiyon, dental implantın apikal kısmının maksiller sinüs içinde olması , primer stabilite eksikliği ve kortikal kemik perforasyonu dahil toplam 98 komplikasyonla karşılaşılmıştır. Sigara içmenin ve immediate implantasyonun, flep dehisensi meydana gelmesi açısından risk faktörü olduğu bulundu (p <0.05). Karşılaşılan komplikasyonların %54.8'i Clavien-Dindo Sınıf I ve % 28.5'i sınıf IIIa içerisindeydi. Clavien-Dindo sınıflamasına göre cinsiyet, yaş, sigara içme ve Diabetes Mellitus'un karşılaşılan komplikasyonların ciddiyetini artırmadığı görüldü (p> 0.05).Sonuç: Clavien-Dindo sınıflandırması dental implant cerrahisinde hem komplikasyonların standardizasyonu hem de klinisyenlerin komplikasyonların sonuçlarını anlamalarına yardımcı olmak için yararlı olabilir. Clavien-Dindo sınıflandırma sisteminin geniş bir yelpazede kullanılması, implant cerrahisinde farklı tekniklerde karşılaşılan komplikasyonların farklı cerrahlar ve merkezler arasında karşılaştırılmasına olanak sağlayacaktır. ANAHTAR KELİMELERClavien-Dindo sınıflandırması, Cerrahi komplikasyonlar, Dental implant cerrahisi