The automated process chain of an unmanned production system is a distinct challenge in the technical state of the art. In particular, accurate and fast raw-part recognition is a current problem in small-batch production. This publication proposes a method for automatic optical raw-part detection to generate a digital blank shadow, which is applied for adapted CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) planning. Thereby, a laser-triangulation sensor is integrated into the machine tool. For an automatic raw-part detection and a workpiece origin definition, a dedicated algorithm for creating a digital blank shadow is introduced. The algorithm generates adaptive scan paths, merges laser lines and machine axis data, filters interference signals, and identifies part edges and surfaces according to a point cloud. Furthermore, a dedicated software system is introduced to investigate the created approach. This method is integrated into a CAD/CAM system, with customized software libraries for communication with the CNC (computer numerical control) machine. The results of this study show that the applied method can identify the positions, dimensions, and shapes of different raw parts autonomously, with deviations less than 1 mm, in 2.5 min. Moreover, the measurement and process data can be transferred without errors to different hardware and software systems. It was found that the proposed approach can be applied for rough raw-part detection, and in combination with a touch probe for accurate detection.
During the joining of two metal sheets by welding, a process-specific geometry of the weld is created. The local geometry of the created weld has a decisive influence on its fatigue strength. This is due to stress concentration at the geometric notches. In this paper, a process known from mechanical engineering called deep rolling is applied on butt welds. The influence on the local weld geometry and the local stress concentration after deep rolling is investigated. Additionally, a novel automated measurement system using optical laser line scanning is presented. The system is qualified for the evaluation of the local weld geometry regarding its flank angles and toe radii. The presented investigations show that the deep rolling process influences the stress concentrations determined by 2D-FE-simulations using real scan data. A correlation between the difference in toe radii or local notch stresses before and after deep rolling and the initial flank angle was found. This indicates that there are process and geometry specific conditions for the successful application of the deep rolling process.
Für die Umsetzung der klimapolitischen Ziele ist eine wirtschaftliche und ressourcenschonende Bauweise von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) dringend erforderlich. Die Erhöhung der anzusetzenden Ermüdungsfestigkeit durch den Einsatz hochfester Stähle und durch die Anwendung von Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsmethoden bietet großes Potenzial zur Senkung des Materialeinsatzes und der Kosten bei Monopiles. Speziell in der automatisierten Fertigungskette der OWEA bieten sich automatisierte Prozesse wie das Festwalzen an. Festwalzen ist ein im Maschinenbau etabliertes mechanisches Bearbeitungsverfahren zur Erhöhung der Verschleiß‐ und Ermüdungsfestigkeit von metallischen Komponenten. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt Ergebnisse des Festwalzens als neuartige Nachbehandlungsmethode zur Erhöhung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Schweißnähten dar. Es werden die Oberflächen‐ und Randzoneneigenschaften UP‐geschweißter Stumpfnahtstöße aus einem Baustahl der Güte S355MLO vor und nach dem Festwalzen gezeigt. Um den Einfluss des Festwalzens auf die Nahtgeometrie zu quantifizieren, werden zusätzlich Ergebnisse von Messungen mit einem Laserliniensensor dargestellt. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Ermüdungsversuche diskutiert, die das große Potenzial des Festwalzprozesses als Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsmethode aufzeigen.
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