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One significant effort towards combining the virtues of Web search, viz. being accessible to untrained users and able to cope with vastly heterogeneous data, with those of database-style Web queries is are keyword-based Web query languages. These languages operate essentially in the same setting as XQuery or SPARQL but with an interface for untrained users.Keyword-based query languages trade some of the precision that languages like XQuery enable by allowing to formulate exactly what data to select and how to process it, for an easier interface accessible to untrained users. The yardstick for these languages becomes an easily accessible interface that does not sacrifice the essential premise of database-style Web queries, that selection and construction are precise enough to fully automate data processing tasks.To ground the discussion of keyword-based query languages, we give a summary of what we perceive as the main contributions of research and development on Web query languages in the past decade. This summary focuses specifically on what sets Web query languages apart from their predecessors for databases.Further, this tutorial (1) gives an overview over keyword-based query languages for XML and RDF (2) discusses where the existing approaches succeed and what, in our opinion, are the most glaring open issues, and (3) where, beyond keyword-based query languages, we see the need, the challenges, and the opportunities for combining the ease of use of Web search with the virtues of Web queries. BiographiesProf. Dr. François Bry is a full professor at the Institute for Informatics of the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, heading the research group for programming and modeling languages. He is currently investigating methods and applications related to querying answering and reasoning on the Web and social semantic Software and Media. In particular his research focuses on query and rule languages for Web data formats such as XML and RDF, complex events This tutorial is based on [21]

Abstract. This article introduces KWQL, spoken "quickel", a rulebased query language for a semantic wiki based on the label-keyword query paradigm. KWQL allows for rich combined queries of full text, document structure, and informal to formal semantic annotations. It offers support for continuous queries, that is, queries re-evaluated upon updates to the wiki. KWQL is not restricted to data selection, but also offers database-like views, enabling "construction", the re-shaping of the selected (meta-)data into new (meta-)data. Such views amount to rules that provide a convenient basis for an admittedly simple, yet remarkably powerful form of reasoning. KWQL queries range from simple lists of keywords or label-keyword pairs to conjunctions, disjunctions, or negations of queries. Thus, queries range from elementary and relatively unspecific to complex and fully specified (meta-)data selections. Consequently, in keeping with the "wiki way", KWQL has a low entry barrier, allowing casual users to easily locate and retrieve relevant data, while letting advanced users make use of its full power.

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