Currently, pain is considered the fifth vital sign, and its effective relief is a priority in many surgical departments. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of selected factors on the intensity of postoperative pain after orthopedic and gynecological procedures. The study was conducted in a group of 200 patients undergoing orthopedic and gynecological procedures at the County Hospital in Nisko between August 2017 and January 2018. The method of estimation and document analysis was applied in the course of the study. A standardized tool was used—Polish adaptation of the Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), an individual documentation of patients and a scientific and research questionnaire developed by the authors. The tests were conducted for three consecutive days from the day of the operation. The strongest pain immediately after surgery was experienced by the patients after general endotracheal anesthesia, and the mildest after full intravenous short-term anesthesia (p < 0.05). Procedures lasting more than 60 min were associated with greater pain intensity on all tested days. The sex of the patient did not significantly affect the level of the perceived intensity of postoperative pain (p > 0.05). The highest intensity of pain occurred on day 0 after surgery, with a declining trend in the following days (p < 0.001). The highest intensity of postoperative pain was caused by gynecological procedures as well as laparotomy and arthroplasty (p < 0.001). The variability of the results indicates the need for an individual approach to each patient, both in pain assessment and treatment. Therefore, continuous improvement of the quality of health services provided in accordance with the guidelines for pain relief is necessary.