Background: Lung cancer is the second most common and fatal cancer worldwide. The first-line treatment for early-stage primary lung cancer is surgical resection, but surgery is contraindicated in 60% of cases. Alternatives then include local treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) and cryoablation. With the current scientific knowledge of these treatments, the fundamental question of their therapeutic efficacy must be answered. Aim and methods: To present recent scientific findings on the efficacy of the three main methods of thermoablation for lung cancer. A systematic review of scientific papers on the indicated topics from the last 5 years was performed. Several dozen publications were selected for the purpose of this study. Results: As shown in the studies, the therapeutic effect of MWA controls tumour progression with few side effects and high safety, especially in patients with tumours <3.5 cm in diameter. Cryotherapy, on the other hand, not only improves quality of life, but can also prolong patients' survival. The relatively low risk of this procedure goes hand in hand with its minimal invasiveness, leading to a low complication rate. RFA, on the other hand, shows no greater treatment efficacy than surgical resection, stereotactic radiotherapy.  Conclusions: MWA and cryoablation techniques are interesting alternatives to surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer, improving the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of their disease. The question of increasing the availability of this type of treatment in the health care system therefore remains crucial.

Human skin is a habitat to a variety of microbes that, along with their host genetic material, make up microbiome of the human skin. The composition of the microbiota in the gut and skin is influenced by many factors, such as life stage, nutrition, lifestyle and gender. Recently, there is more and more discussions about the increasing role of the microbiome in the development of other diseases. According to many studies, any changes in the skin microbiota are associated with the development of several dermatoses. Better understanding of the human microbiome and its interactions with the immune system could help us understand many diseases as well as could have an impact on the development of some new therapeutic methods. In this article, the current knowledge on the skin microbiome and its influence on the development of alopecia areata will be discussed. Alopecia areata (AA) is caused by an autoimmune process that destroys the hair follicles. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, but the triggering factors include: immune disorders, environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, and possibly the microbiome.

The aim of the study is to systematize the knowledge about xylometazoline and oxymetazoline - commonly used nasal sprays with sympathicomimetic effect, mainly directly on α-adrenergic receptors [1]. A review of recent reports on possible side effects and new therapeutic options will be presented. Results: Over several years, reports have been published regarding descriptions of unusual cases of side effects, such as angina attack [4], a case of respiratory failure in a newborn [5], ischemic stroke [6], or anaphylactic reaction during routine surgery. In experiments using rats, on the other hand, it has been shown that these substances can also cause increased inflammation of the lower respiratory tract [7], as well as numerous ophthalmic problems [8]. Recent reports also suggest new uses for xylometazoline and oxymetazoline. In combination with lidocaine, an intranasal solution of xylometazoline has shown efficacy in the anesthesia of maxillary teeth in patients with minor carious lesions [9], and a beneficial therapeutic combination of oxymetazoline and dye laser (PDL) has also been reported for the treatment of rosacea, among others [10]. Conclusions: Although imidazoline derivatives were admitted to the drug list decades ago, still their pharmacological potential has not been fully exploited. Finding applications of these drugs in dermatology and dentistry may not only improve the efficacy and comfort of treatment, but also significantly reduce the costs of the whole therapy. The aforementioned reports on the side effects of xylometazoline and oxymetazoline should not be forgotten. It is possible that the presented examples will increase awareness to use these drugs with more respect, according to the recommendations on the leaflet.

Introduction and aims of the study: The aim of this study is to present recent reports on the treatment and therapy of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD). The current treatment of patients affected by these diseases is difficult and unsatisfactory, therefore it is necessary to find new therapeutic options that will improve the effectiveness of treatment For the purpose of this study, scientific papers were reviewed using the Google Scholar search engine covering studies from 2016 to 2021. A dozen papers covering the scope of the publication were selected. Results: In the treatment of schizophrenia, the use of cannabinoids is of greatest interest due to the action of the preparations on the endocannabinoid system. In the treatment of ChaD, promising reports have been published on the therapy with aripiprazole and the need to improve its use in the treatment of both akathisia and agitation. Furthermore, from the fact that abnormalities of calcium signalling are considered a possible pathophysiological process in ChAD, it has been suggested that calcium channel L antagonists may be potential therapeutic agents in bipolar affective disorder. One study also demonstrated the potential use of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with a depressive episode. Conclusions: The results of recent studies on the treatment of schizophrenia and ChAD cited in this paper offer the prospect of creating treatment regimens that are more effective and targeted in the aforementioned diseases. However, further randomised trials are needed to confirm the effective use of the cited drugs in the treatment of these diseases.

The aim of this study is to systematise knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibiting potassium hydrogen ATPase. A review of recent reports on possible side effects and new therapeutic options will be presented. Results: Over the last few years, reports of PPI side effects have been published: drug-induced thrombocytopenia, severe hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia or rhabdomyolysis. In the case of NSAIDs, ancillary therapeutic effects in the supportive therapy of multiple myeloma or in the reduction of adenoma formation in the colon stand out, but also cases of acute kidney injury in children. On the basis of meta-analyses, attempts were made to demonstrate the effect of individual NSAIDs on the occurrence of cardiovascular complications, stroke or myocardial infarction Conclusions: Despite the fact that the indicated preparations were admitted to the list of drugs several decades ago, still their pharmacological potential (on the example of NSAIDs, which can be successfully used even in complementary therapy) has not been fully exploited. The aforementioned reports on side effects must not be forgotten. It is possible that the examples presented in the review will raise awareness in order to use these drugs with greater respect, in accordance with the recommendations in the leaflet.