Patients treated by the proposed ACL reconstruction technique showed on average good to excellent long-term results. A meniscal lesion at the time of ACL tear was highly predictive for less favourable outcome.

Making the clinical diagnosis of medial meniscus extrusion after knee injury by applying a simple varus stress test to the knee and palpating the anteromedial meniscal extrusion might help physicians to suspect a medial meniscus root tear in the early stages after the injury as well as to evaluate its reduction after repair. A varus stress test in full extension should be performed systematically in patients where a root tear of the medial meniscus is suspected as well as after surgery to evaluate the success of the repair.

Expert opinion, Level V.

The Latarjet procedure provides an effective treatment for "off-track" engaging Hill-Sachs lesions, despite an evident glenoid remodeling process. At a mean of 23 months postoperatively, a mean persisting enlargement of the glenoid arc of 14% beyond native dimensions remained, avoiding a recurrent "off-track" lesion in 32% of patients, which would otherwise have occurred with complete remodeling.

The subscapularis is the largest and strongest muscle of the rotator cuff, and it plays an essential role in global shoulder function. Beyond its primary function as an internal rotator, the subscapularis also acts to pull the humeral head posteriorly on the glenoid and is an important dynamic and static anterior stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint. In comparison with tears of the tendons of the rest of the rotator cuff, isolated tears of the subscapularis have a tendency for both early retraction and fatty infiltration. Consequently, full-thickness tears of the subscapularis tendon generally require surgical management. Arthroscopic suture-anchor repair allows anatomic reconstruction of the anterior aspect of the rotator cuff, with all of the benefits of arthroscopic surgery. The principal steps of this procedure include (1) verifying the subscapularis tear and identifying any concomitant lesions during diagnostic arthroscopy, (2) exposing the subscapularis tendon, (3) releasing tendon adhesions and so enabling anatomic reduction, (4) placing suture anchors at the anatomic subscapularis footprint on the lesser tuberosity and anatomically repairing the subscapularis tendon to its anatomic insertion, and (5) performing biceps tenodesis or tenotomy, if indicated. Postoperatively, patients with an isolated subscapularis tear are managed with immobilization in a sling for 6 weeks, while those with combined anterosuperior rotator cuff tears are managed with an abduction pillow. Arthroscopic subscapularis reconstruction provides a good structural repair, substantially restores shoulder mobility and strength, reduces pain, and results in high levels of patient satisfaction and return of shoulder function as measured by functional outcome scores.