REMERCIEMENTSL'équipe scientifique remercie sincèrement la Convention d'Abidjan pour avoir financé les études de terrain. RESUME Le but du travail est de décrire et de cartographier les sargasses le long du littoral ivoirien. Dans ce contexte 12 stations et 12 sites repartis le long du littoral ont fait l'objet de suivi du 14 au 17 juin 2016. Dans toutes les stations, les travaux ont été réalisés de la même manière: localisation géographique de la station à l'aide d'un GPS, détermination d'un site et d'un transect représentatifs pour l'estimation de la biomasse fraiche et du volume des sargasses au sein d'un quadrat carré d'un mètre carré de surface. Outre ces observations, des interviews ont été réalisées avec les populations riveraines. Les résultats indiquent que les sargasses colonisent les eaux marines côtières, les plages, les complexes lagunaires, les embouchures et les canaux. Ce couvert végétal, originaire du Nord du Brésil, est composé de deux espèces Sargassum natans et Sargassum fluitans qui sont entraînées dans les eaux marines ivoiriennes par les courants marins, les houles et les marées. Ces plantes se retrouvent en abondance en mai et en juin sur toutes les plages du pays et particulièrement sur les plages du secteur littoral centre et oriental et les complexes lagunaires Aby-Tendo-Ehy et Grand-Lahou. Leur expansion en mai dans tous les milieux est favorisée par la salinité, la lumière, la température et les sels nutritifs, toutefois à partir de juin, les faibles salinités observées dans les eaux superficielles lagunaires et la force des houles freinent leur adaptation et leur développement. Compte tenu des problèmes socioéconomiques que posent ces macroalgues, des recommandations sont faites pour leur contrôle mécanique. ABSTRACTThe goal of the study is to describe and to map the population of sargassum along the ivorian littoral. In this context 12 stations and 12 sites along the littoral were followed from 14 to 17 june 2016. Works were done in all stations according the same process and organized according the following steps: Geographic location of the station with GPS, determination of representative site and transect for estimation of fresh biomass and volume of sargassum in a quadrat of one square area. Besides those observations, interviews were conducted with riverine populations. Results indicate that sargassum colonise coastal marine waters, beaches, lagoons, mouth and channel communicating the sea to the lagoons. This vegetal, native of northern Brazil, is composed of two species Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans and are trained in ivorian marine waters by ocean currents, swells and tides. They are found in abundance in may and june on all the beaches and especially on the beaches of the central and eastern coast and in the lagoons Aby-Tendo-Ehy and Grand-Lahou. Their expansion in May in all coastal water environments is enhanced by salinity, light, temperature and nutrients, but from June, the low salinity observed in surface water lagoon and strength of waves hampering their a...
The management of invasive aquatic plants (IAPs), which is primarily accomplished through manual grubbing, incurs significant costs for populations, especially since the operations must be renewed on a regular basis. Converting IAPs into biochar for use as soil amendment will help offset the costs of this mechanical control strategy, while also improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and crop yields. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of using IAPs biochar amendment on the quality of acidic soils and subsequently maize growth. Ten treatment groups including nine treatments and one control were established with four replicates each on freshly sown maize soils. Treatments options include applying IAP biochar (group 1), different combinations of IAP biochar and poultry manure (group 2), and mineral fertilizer (group 3). After 37 days, the average height of maize plants in the control group is 68.83±7.91cm, compared to 69.82 ± 7.34 cm (group1), 64.44 ± 7.82cm (group 2) and 69.08 ± 9.51cm (group 3). Multivariate analyses suggest that the IAPs biochar have significantly higher potential to improve plant growth parameters than either poultry manure or synthetic fertilizer. Based on the foregoing, the use of IAPs biochar amendment should be promoted among smallholder farmers because it is environmentally friendly, easy to produce, has a lower operational cost than other fertilizers, and has been shown to improve the acidic and impoverished dryland soils prevalent in Burkina Faso.
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