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We analyzed the relationships between the human body exergy balance and behavioral adaptations induced by undesirable cold storage by a building envelope under an unsteady-state thermal environment in winter. The complex interaction of the warm exergy production by shivering, lifting of the shell ratio, and reduction of the blood flow rate was considered to constitute the physiological adaptation necessary for maintaining the constant core temperature, which was an important aspect in living organisms. In the case of intermittent use room, it was suggested that better thermal comfort and desirable behavioral adaptations, which decreased the consumption of fossil fuels, could be achieved if interior wooden cladding was used in constructions with building envelopes that had a comparatively large heat capacity, or in cases of wooden constructions in which the building envelope heat capacity was comparatively small.

Abstract:To obtain a basic understanding of the resultant changes in the human body exergy balance (input, consumption, storage, and output) accompanying outdoor air temperature fluctuations, a "human body system and a built environmental system" coupled with numerical analysis was conducted. The built environmental system assumed a wooden room equipped with passive cooling strategies, such as thermal insulation and solar shading devices. It was found that in the daytime, the cool radiation exergy emitted by surrounding surfaces, such as walls increased the rate of human body exergy consumption, whereas the warm radiant exergy emitted by the surrounding surfaces at night decreased the rate of human body exergy consumption. The results suggested that the rates and proportions of the different components in the exergy balance equation (exergy input, consumption, storage, and output) vary according to the outdoor temperature and humidity conditions.

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This study attempts to evaluate the thermal stress in the winter shelter gymnasium in terms of human body exergy balance analysis. The human body's exergy consumption rate was quantitatively analysed, revealing that the total human exergy consumption differs depending on the difference in heat insulation performance of the evacuation gymnasium. Integrated exergy consumption after 30 days is 15.7 MJ/m 2 for an 'existing outer skin with no heating', 14.4 MJ/m 2 for an 'existing outer skin with radiant heating', and 12.5 MJ/m 2 for a 'modified outer shell with no heating' It decreased to 9.6 MJ/m 2 in the 'rehabilitating envelope with radiant heating'. In the case of existing hulls, accumulation of thermal stress was found to be greater than in the case of renovation hulls.