Shot peening using particles 10 m in diameter (ultra-fine particle peening: Ultra-FPP) was introduced to improve the fatigue properties of 5056 aluminum alloy. The surface microstructures of the Ultra-FPP treated specimens were characterized using a micro-Vickers

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Fine particle peening (FPP) using hydroxyapatite (HAp) shot particles can form a HAp layer on room-temperature substrates by the transfer and microstructural modification of the shot particles. In this study, FPP with HAp shot particles was applied to form a HAp surface layer and improve the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V extra-low interstitial (ELI) for use in bio-implants. The surface microstructures of the FPP-treated specimens were characterized by micro-Vickers hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. FPP with HAp shot particles successfully formed a HAp layer on the surface of Ti–6Al–4V ELI in a relatively short period by shot particle transfer at room temperature; however, the thickness and elemental composition of the HAp layer were independent of the FPP treatment time. The original HAp crystal structure remained in the surface-modified layer formed on Ti–6Al–4V ELI after FPP. Furthermore, FPP increased the surface hardness and generated compressive residual stresses at the treated surface of Ti–6Al–4V ELI. Four-point bending fatigue tests were performed at stress ratios of 0.1 and 0.5 to examine the effect of FPP with HAp shot particles on the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V ELI. The fatigue life of the FPP-treated specimen was longer than that of the un-peened specimen because of the formation of a work-hardened layer with compressive residual stress. However, no clear improvement in the fatigue limit of Ti–6Al–4V ELI occurred after FPP with HAp shot particles because of subsurface failures from characteristic facets.

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ABSTRACT.The aim of this research is to clarify the influence of vacuum carburizing on the fatigue-crack progress characteristics of DSG2 steel. The test specimen tempering material (QT material) and vacuum carburizing material (VC material) has been used. The fatigue-crack progress was examined by subjecting the samples to four-point bending. The loading-capacity fixed experiment was done using a maximum load of P max = 4000-7000 N. The ΔK fixed experiment was done using a load of ΔK = 18-36 MPa√m. The crack progress speed of VC material fell, after the high crack progress speed was shown, and after it showed the minimum, it showed the tendency to go up again. This is considered to be what is depended on the compressive residual stress given to the carburizing layer. From this, it is thinkable that there is a crack progress depression effect in a carburizing layer. In VC material, a carburizing layer has a crack progress depression effect from a plunger-helix bottom to about 2.6 mm, and it turned out that it is larger than an effective carburizing layer. Moreover, in each ΔK, it was shown that depression effect revelation differs and the crack progress process accompanying it was able to be shown typically.