To improve the performance of all-solid-state rechargeable batteries, it is important to understand the distribution behavior of carrier ions in electrolytes and electrodes. However, few methods are available for observing carrier ions directly inside an all-solid-state rechargeable battery because lithium, a common carrier ion, is a light element, making observing it directly difficult. In this study, the dynamic behavior of the reaction distribution of an all-solidstate rechargeable battery with a silver-ion solid electrolyte was investigated by using a high-energy X-ray radiography method. The use of silver ions improves the X-ray absorption contrast of carrier ion concentration because silver is a heavy element. In the solid electrolyte, no change in the concentration of carrier ions is detected. By contrast, in the composite electrode, a preferential reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is confirmed in the initial stages of charge and discharge. Although a change in the concentration of the solid electrolyte would be an advantage, reaction distribution in the composite electrode is one of the important issues from the viewpoint of practical application of high-energy-density, all-solid-state rechargeable batteries.