Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide, was produced by certain species of marine red seaweeds, which have been used as a significant source of food, feed, and antibiotic agent throughout history due to their alleged human health benefits. The present study aimed to derive the polysaccharides from Hypnea valentiae and describe the biological applications. Carrageenan was characterized by FT-IR, C-NMR, AFM, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant capabilities; furthermore, the larvicidal effect of methanol extract was generated from the seaweed against Aedes aegypti larvae at various concentrations. The molecular docking experiments were carried out computationally for finding the molecular insight of the macromolecules and small molecules’ interaction using GLIDE docking by using Schrodinger software. Antibacterial zones of inhibition in different concentrations are compared with the 40 mg/mL higher activity against bacterial pathogens. Carrageenan is strong in all antioxidant activities, with the overall antioxidant (70.1 ± 0.61%) of radical at 250 μg/mL concentration being exhibited. The DPPH scavenging is effective in the inhibition of (65.74 ± 0.58%) radical at a concentration of 160 μg/mL and the hydroxyl scavenging (65.72 ± 0.60%) of activity at a concentration of 125 μg/mL being exhibited. Anticoagulant activities (APPT and PT) of carrageenan fraction were tested. H. valentiae and heparin sulphate shows higher activity of APTT (106.50 IU at 25 μg/mL) in comparison with the PT test (57.86 IU at 25 μg/mL) and the methanol extraction of higher larvicidal activity on A. aegypti (LC50 = 99.675 μg/mL). In this study, the carrageenan was exploited through in vitro and in silico molecular docking studies against antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant properties. The results were establishing the potentiality of the carrageenan which is an alternative source to control the mosquitocidal property in the future. Moreover, molecular docking of carrageenan against multiple targets results in −7 to −6 Kcal/mol binding score. Findings of carrageen from in vitro to in silico studies are needed for further validation of clinical pieces of evidence.

The present study focused on proximate composition, moisture, ash, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and physicochemical properties to determine the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and water swelling capacity of H. valentiae red seaweed. The antioxidant properties of methanol extract were performed by superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. The superoxide scavenging radical (50-250 μg/mL) was an inhibition of 89.06 ± 0.44μg/mL which is significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid 75.67 ± 0.20μg/mL. Nitric oxide assay observed that (15-100 μg/mL) exhibited the maximum nitric oxide scavenging was 87.22 ± 0.80μg/mL which is significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid 74.35 ± 0.67μg/mL. The results were establishing the potential of the seaweed was exploited the nutritional value and pharmaceutical applications.

The present study focused on pharmaceutical potential of red seaweed Hypnea valentiae. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of H. valentiae found more phycocompounds which was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The significant levels of total alkaloid, phenol, tannin and flavonoid were expressed in methanolic extract of H. valentiae. In addition, the potent antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was efficiently expressed during the total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging assays of DPPH and hydroxyl denoted as 72.85±0.66 activity at a concentration 50-250µg/mL, 61.44±0.36 activity at a concentration 10-160µg/mL and 83.29±0.38 activity at a concentration 25-125µg/mL respectively. The results were establishing the potential of the seaweed and antioxidant properties of H. valentiae could be a valuable marine source for developing novel pharmaceutical applications.

The proximate composition (Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, ash, moisture and total dietary fiber content) and physicochemical properties of Portieria hornemannii were studied. The proximate composition of protein 33.82 ± 1.48 followed by carbohydrate and lipid the protein is highest activity. Total dietary fiber contained 2.24 ± 0.39 for thr red seaweed of Portieria hornemannii contains neutral sugars corresponded to sulphated galactoans (Carrageen and agar). Insoluble fiber 1.22 ± 0.06 and soluble fiber 1.02 ± 0.05, moisture and ash were 12.96 ± 0.55 and 18.42 ± 1.03 respectively. Followed by WHC and swelling both had strong physicochemical characteristics at high temperatures. The oil retention is very low. Finally the seaweed P.hornemannii is used in anti diabetic activity of α amylase enzyme activity IC50 value 121.68. The P.hornemannii can be effective inhibition of anti diabetic activity and its leads to develop the natural drug in pharmaceutical application