I. BACKGROUND 1.1 Purpose of this study This paper presents and discusses continuous periodic muscle fasciculations observed in the avian trunk, a phenomenon not observed in mammals; and apparently attributable to the autonomic nerves, magnets and sensors monitoring multiple properties: potential, barometric pressure, acceleration, and optical reflex. 1.2 Avian influenza The global poultry industry (e.g., chicken, quail, ducks) involves some 20 billion individual animals, with an estimated market size of $ 120 billion per year. The type of the influenza (H1, H2, H3) responsible for global pandemics have been demonstrated to be transmitted directly to humans from birds via the low pathogenic avian virus. No genetic traces indicating transmission through swine have been detected in the past three pandemics. The 2009 WHO declaration of a pandemic due to swinederived viruses appears to have been significantly overestimated. The last novel influenza was of the swine type, and did not result in a pandemic, with mortality similar to that of seasonal influenza. The WHO Secretary General responsible for issuing the Pandemic Declaration was evacuated from the European Union. We need to pay close attention to the older concept s regarding flu policy [1]-[3]. Several reasons have been proposed to explain human infection from birds. Two explanations predominate: Human sialic acid receptor: Sialic acid is present in vivo at the end of sugar chains on the surface of cell membranes as a component of complex carbohydrates with long hydrocarbon chains called ceramides [4].

I. BACKGROUND 1.1. Research PurposeAvian blood pressure can be measured under surgical exposure by a specialist cutting down blood vessels. However, inhalational anesthesia is required to expose the blood vessels in birds and place a catheter in a small blood vessel. This requires a high level of skill and relatively few reports have applied such methods. The presence of the wings instead of arms on birds means that a manchette cannot be anatomically wrapped around the limb for blood pressure measurement, so blood pressure is not easily monitored in birds. In this paper, in an environment under inhalational anesthesia with spontaneous breathing, an esophageal catheter was inserted, blood pressure was estimated from impedance changes in 1-MHz radio waves, and the origin of flow was estimated based on data obtained simultaneously from various multimedia devices. History of Data Collection from Birds International Space Station (ISS) Russian-GermanAnimal Movement Monitoring System ICARUS Since the gain over temperature (G/T) of the antenna mounted on the above-mentioned NOAA satellite is a small value, transmission power on the ground cannot be reduced.

The authors are making a prototype flexible board of a radio-frequency transmitter for measuring an electromyogram (EMG) of a flying moth and plan to apply for an experimental station license from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan in the summer of 2022. The goal is to create a continuous low-dose exposure standard that incorporates scientific and physiological functional assessments to replace the current standard based on lethal dose 50. This paper describes the technical evaluation of the hardware. The signal of a bipolar EMG electrode is amplified by an operational amplifier. This potential is added to a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (27 MHz, bandwidth: 4 kHz), frequency-converted, and transmitted from an antenna about 10 cm long (diameter: 0.03 mm). The power source is a 1.55-V wristwatch battery that has a total weight of about 0.3 g (one dry battery and analog circuit) and an expected operating time of 20 minutes. The output power is −7 dBm and the effective isotropic radiated power is −40 dBm. The signal is received by a dual-whip antenna (2.15 dBi) at a distance of about 100 m from the moth. The link margin of the communication circuit is above 30 dB within 100 m. The concepts of this hardware and the measurement data are presented in this paper. This will be the first biological data transmission from a moth with an official license. In future, this telemetry system will improve the detection of physiological abnormalities of moths.

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