Soil texture is an important environmental factor that influences the crop productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) because it provides all the nutrients required for growth of the plants. The soil based on nutrients is classified into four classes: silt, clay, sand, and loam. Soil based on mineral particles was classified by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). According to USDA, loam particles have a size between sand (2.00–1.0 mm) and silt (0.05–0.002 mm), whereas clay is less than 0.002 mm. Analysis shows that the growth rate of Triticum aestivum in each soil sample is different. The sizes of seven plants were increased in loamy soil, to 47 cm, whereas in sandy soil, plants were 25 cm long. Seven plants were grown in clay soil, and had lengths of 28 cm. Finally, five plants were grown in silt soil, and reached a size of 38 cm. After fertilizing each plant in the different soils equally, that the productivity of plants in loamy soil was observed to be greater as compared to plants of other soil samples. Clay soil plants showed improvements as compared to sand and silt soil, although not as good as loam. The worst growing plants were observed in sandy soil. This shows that the growth of Triticum aestivum plants is better in loamy soil, and loamy soil is the most beneficial for wheat crop productivity.

The plants Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna are medicinally important and produce leaves and colourful blossoms that belong to the Caesalpinioideae of the legume family and the family of Combretaceae. The antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide, and phytochemical assessment (qualitative and quantitative) of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna flowers and leaves were investigated in this work. In qualitative phytochemical evaluation, the presence of ten different chemicals of varying degrees and classes was observed, and alkaloids, steroids, tannis, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and terpinoids were confirmed during qualitative screening. During quantitative analysis, the Cassia fistula L. leaves showed the highest TFC (32.783A ± 0.073) and the TPC was observed highest in Terminalia arjuna flowers (42.800A ± 0.028). The highest DPPH percentage was recorded in C. fistula flowers (21.825A ± 0.069) compared to its lowest value observed in C. fistula leaves (10.660B ± 0.053). The highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity among both plants was found in C. fistula (12.526A ± 0.146) and the lowest in its leaves (7.1470B ± 0.045). The methanolic extracts showed promising antioxidant activity. The presence of bioactive components in the leaves and flowers of Terminalia arjuna and Cassia fistula suggests that these flowers and leaves might be used as a phytochemical source and are also effective and safe as natural remedies. The biochemical analysis proved that the extracts of Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna plants have glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids that play a role in antioxidant activity.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an aromatic plant that yields secondary metabolites, continuously used for the readiness of food and medicines. The current study is conducted to assess the impact of inoculation of mycorrhiza on the growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum in different soil samples. The current study presents two arrangements of treatment in experimental and control pots. Different soil samples were obtained from different areas for experimental and control pots. In experimental pots, mycorrhiza fungi inoculation is introduced. The six pots were filled with each soil sample. Out of the six pots, three were control pots, and three were inoculated pots. In each pot, 6 kg soil was filled. It was observed that there were more leaves in the experimental (inoculated) pots and fewer in the fenugreek (non-inoculated) pots. The fresh and dry weight of the shoots and roots was taken. However, it was examined that the fresh weight of the shoots and roots of the inoculated pots was more compared to the non-inoculated pots. But the difficulty is seen in the clay control pots of clay soil because of the compactness of the clay soil. It was concluded that fenugreek showed more growth in inoculated pots compared to non-inoculated pots. It was also concluded that mycorrhizal fungal showed symbiotic association with fenugreek plants.