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Basaltic glass fibers with different lithium oxide (6-14 mol%) and sodium oxide (2-14 mol%) contents were prepared. The influence of Li 2 O and Na 2 O content on the process of fiber manufacturing was investigated. Addition of alkali oxides reduced the forming temperature and substantially expanded the fiber-forming temperature ranges. The obtained thermal data from differential thermal analysis revealed a decline in glass transition temperature (T g ) of fibers against the compositional changes. The inclusion of Li 2 O and Na 2 O in the glass network led to a reduction in its thermal stability. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns and IR spectra of Li-rich and Na-rich basaltic glass fibers confirmed the formation of highly polymerized structures such as LiAl(Si 2 O 6 ) and (Na,K)(AlSiO 4 ), respectively, and relatively depolymerized silicate anions. The effects of potassium-lithium and potassium-sodium ion exchange on the mechanical properties of basaltic glass fibers were investigated. As-received Li-rich and Na-rich basaltic glass fibers were ion-exchanged in potassium nitrate for different exchange times, and their mechanical properties were measured before and after chemical tempering. The measured tensile strength and Young's modulus values of the fibers showed an increase after treatment in molten salt. * Fig. 5. Young's modulus of as-received basalt fibers, Li-rich and Na-rich basaltic glass fibers before and after ion exchange in KNO 3 salt melt at 673 K for different exchange times (t = 15, 30 and 90 min). www.ceramics.org/IJAGSIon Exchange of Basaltic Glass Fibers 125