We did a meta-analysis of the literature in order to clarify which of the vascularized bone flaps (VBF) used for scaphoid non-union treatment has the best outcome with regard to various parameters. We analyzed 54 articles that present nine different types of VBF. The analysis concerned demographical patient information, radiographic parameters, fracture classification, including the presence or non-presence of avascular necrosis of the scaphoid proximal pole (PP AVN), parameters that have to do with the surgery itself and the postoperative protocol, the healing of the nonunion and functional scores. The meta-analysis showed best healing potential for the femoral graft despite the complexity of the operation. On the other hand, the most commonly used 1,2-ICSRA flap makes the procedure more reproducible but showed worse results. The femoral flap was also among the most successful flaps when used for patients with PP AVN. The consolidation rate, in general, was not affected by the time elapsed between the fracture and the operation but by smoking and the presence of PP AVN. The meta-analysis could not reach many significant statistical conclusions because of either the small number of patients in some flap groups or the heterogeneity and lack of documentation in most of the articles. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1076-1085, 2017.

Sport events are gradually showing higher potential to make significant contribution to contemporary society. Current events are being developed at local, regional and national level, having economic, commercial, political and socio-cultural implications. Different types of fans are the main target of the global sports industry. Therefore, marketers should be aware of sports fans' needs, discern their motives and predict their buying attitude, estimate the driving forces urging fans to devote time, money and effort to be attend sport events. The scope of the present study is to develop a new sports fan classification scheme, as well as, to evolve a variety of models, like LOGIRE models, aiming at exploring the existence of specific motives, both internal and external that induces fans to attend sports events held abroad. The research was based on personal interviews using a sample 315 persons. Research results revealed six different sports fan types with concrete internal and external motives. More importantly, a new fan type emerged adopting all the behaviour characteristics of the temporary fan type, as well as, the local fan type.

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