Magnesia, after it has been used to remove excess boron (B) from irrigation waters, could be amended to acid soils as a liming material. However, B phytotoxicity is a potential hazard. The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of B-laden magnesia as an amendment for acid soils. Three inorganic, loamy, acid soils were used. Magnesia, after saturation with 2 mg B g À1 , was added to the three acid soils as follows: 0.5 and 1.5 g kg À1 in the two less acidic soils (pH 5.9 and 5.3) plus an additional rate of 2.5 g kg À1 for the most acidic soil (pH 4.7). Control soil samples received no magnesia. The treated and control soils were then used in a greenhouse study for cultivation of corn (Zea mays L.). Although the original soils contained low levels of available B, the potential risk of causing B phytotoxicity because of magnesia addition was high because more than 43% of the total B desorbed from the magnesia was released instantly in the treated soils. With the application rates of 0.5 and 1.5 g kg À1 , the corn total biomass yield significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01) by 9 to 33% and 7 to 18%, respectively. In addition, soil pH was improved (e.g., it increased by 2.2 to 2.7 units with the application rate of 1.5 g kg À1 ), and B and Mg concentrations in the soil and corn significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01) to approximate sufficiency ranges. In contrast, the 2.5-g kg À1 addition to the most acidic soil resulted in a significant decrease of corn yield, which was accompanied by a significant increase of soil-available B at levels greater than 2 mg kg À1 . The B in the corn tissues was at phytotoxic levels (123 mg kg À1 ). It was concluded that, for acid soils similar to those used in this study, addition of B-laden magnesia at a rate of 0.5 g kg À1 (equivalent to 2 Mg ha À1 ) could be recommended for liming.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the views of young farmers regarding individual dimensions of vocational training as applied to students of the Vocational Training Institute (VTI) of the American Farm School. Processed data arriving from specially formulated Likert-level questions revealed that young farmer students find it absolutely necessary to participate in training programs governed by experiential learning methodologies, while recognizing that these processes are linked to their knowledge and skill improvement for developing a firm future professional consignment in the agrifood sector. To that extent, experiential learning applications would subsequently assist program participants to cultivate and grow a better understanding for innovation, which undoubtedly affect the path of agribusiness investment sustainability. Although current national sectoral progress has taken significant steps ahead, still not being enough satisfactory in terms of competitiveness. However, there has to be always tension to gradually organize and execute professional experiential learning methodologies from specialized educational organizations to concretely reach out higher levels of improvement in rural development alongside with other eminent and specialized important factors.