Several bifunctional ammonium salts were synthesized and employed as one‐component catalysts for the conversion of CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. These catalysts show superior activities compared to their monofunctional analogs. A turnover number of up to 693 and a turnover frequency of up 392 h−1 could be achieved for the best catalyst. Moreover, the effect of various solvents has been studied. All employed solvents and the product formed had a negative influence on substrate conversion. The scope and limitation of the reaction has been studied carefully for two general reaction protocols at 45 and 90 °C. In over 20 examples, the isolated yields after filtration were 90 %. In addition, we present the first organocatalyzed synthesis of a cyclohexene‐based naturally occurring cyclic carbonate, and its molecular structure was determined by XRD. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reaction can be performed even on a multigram scale and can be monitored by in situ FTIR spectroscopy.

Increasing reports about malfunctions in Common Rail Injector (CRI) systems lead to a more intensive research on diesel fuel injection systems, which are working under higher pressures and temperatures. Under these conditions, deposits were formed and they deteriorated the injector performance. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the formed deposits in order to avoid injector sticking. Previous studies have identified different substance classes such as alkanes, carboxylic salts and aromatic hydrocarbons in the deposits. In particular, aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are suspected to produce insoluble solid precipitates. In this study, thermodesorption resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-ToF-MS) as a novel analytical technique for direct measurements of aromatic containing deposits on injector parts was performed. Experiments were carried out in a self-made test bench, where the CRI were installed. Influence of temperature, injection pressure, injection amount of used fuel and fuel composition on the tendency to form deposits on the metal surface of commercial CRI parts, especially its ring, was investigated. In most cases, the rings were directly analyzed by the aromatic selective REMPI-technique without any sample preparation. The temperature program of the used Carbon Analyzer (CA) helps to separate the desorbing material into volatile and non-volatile organic matter during the pyrolysis under helium atmosphere within the oven of the CA. The results concentrate on volatile organic matter desorbing step and indicate a strong influence of temperature and fuel composition on the amount of analyzed aromatic compounds. They were not equal with the results of thickness layer measurements in individual cases. Comprehensive analytical methods such as single photon ionization (SPI) are needed for further information.

Bifunctional One-Component Catalysts for the Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides. -An efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates including the naturally occurring carbonate (VII) is presented by using the iodide organocatalyst. -(BUETTNER, H.; LAU, K.; SPANNENBERG, A.; WERNER*, T.; ChemCatChem 7 (2015) 3, 459-467, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402816 ; Leibniz-Inst. Katal., Univ. Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany; Eng.) -Mais 25-161