No abstract

We investigate the strain-induced coupling between a nitrogen-vacancy impurity and a resonant vibrational mode of a diamond nanoresonator. We show that under near-resonant laser excitation of the electronic states of the impurity, this coupling can modify the state of the resonator and either cool the resonator close to the vibrational ground state or drive it into a large amplitude coherent state. We derive a semi-classical model to describe both effects and evaluate the stationary state of the resonator mode under various driving conditions. In particular, we find that by exploiting resonant single and multi-phonon transitions between near-degenerate electronic states, the coupling to high-frequency vibrational modes can be significantly enhanced and dominate over the intrinsic mechanical dissipation. Our results show that a single nitrogen-vacancy impurity can provide a versatile tool to manipulate and probe individual phonon modes in nanoscale diamond structures.

Health state transitions are reflected in characteristic changes in the molecular composition of biofluids. Detecting these changes in parallel, across a broad spectrum of molecular species, could contribute to the detection of abnormal physiologies. Fingerprinting of biofluids by infrared vibrational spectroscopy offers that capacity. Whether its potential for health monitoring can indeed be exploited critically depends on how stable infrared molecular fingerprints (IMFs) of individuals prove to be over time. Here we report a proof-of-concept study that addresses this question. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we have fingerprinted blood serum and plasma samples from 31 healthy, non-symptomatic individuals, who were sampled up to 13 times over a period of 7 weeks and again after 6 months. The measurements were performed directly on liquid serum and plasma samples, yielding a time- and cost-effective workflow and a high degree of reproducibility. The resulting IMFs were found to be highly stable over clinically relevant time scales. Single measurements yielded a multiplicity of person-specific spectral markers, allowing individual molecular phenotypes to be detected and followed over time. This previously unknown temporal stability of individual biochemical fingerprints forms the basis for future applications of blood-based infrared spectral fingerprinting as a multiomics-based mode of health monitoring.

The phenomenon of  (parityand time-reversal) symmetry breaking is conventionally associated with a change in the complex mode spectrum of a non-Hermitian system that marks a transition from a purely oscillatory to an exponentially amplified dynamical regime. In this work we describe a new type of  -symmetry breaking, which occurs in the steady-state energy distribution of open systems with balanced gain and loss. In particular, we show that the combination of nonlinear saturation effects and the presence of thermal or quantum noise in actual experiments results in unexpected behavior that differs significantly from the usual dynamical picture. We observe additional phases with preserved or 'weakly' broken  -symmetry, and an unconventional transition from a high-noise thermal state to a low-amplitude lasing state with broken symmetry and strongly reduced fluctuations. We illustrate these effects here for the specific example of coupled mechanical resonators with optically induced loss and gain, but the described mechanisms will be essential for a general understanding of the steady-state properties of actual  -symmetric systems operated at low amplitudes or close to the quantum regime.