ctopic extra-abdominal splenic tissue is a rare clinical condition. Most frequently, it is caused by splenosis, which is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue after disruption of the splenic capsule. It occurs more commonly in the peritoneum, omentum, and the mesentery, whereas thoracic splenosis has always been documented after trauma or abdominal surgery, especialy after splenectomy. However, splenic tissue in the thorax that is perfused by thoracic vessels, without trauma or abdominal surgery, can be present as an embryologic anomaly and is an exceptionally unusual situation. We report a case of thoracic splenule without any of the above-mentioned provocative factors misdiagnosed as a thoracic mass. To our knowledge, this is the second case to be reported. 1

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A solitary papilloma versus the usual multiple lesions of papillomatosis is extremely rare. Even more infrequent is a solitary papilloma of the trachea in an adult patient. In the present report, a case of a solitary papilloma in the distal trachea is presented. After two unsuccessful sessions of laser ablation, resection of the lower one-third of the trachea was performed through a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Postoperative histology results disclosed a malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. The patient had an excellent outcome after resection of the affected portion of the trachea. There was no evidence of recurrence after 20 months of follow-up.

This report summarizes our preliminary experience with this technique emphasizing two points: first, it offers the opportunity to manage efficiently complex aortic problems, and second, there is a potential risk of serious complications related to the limited stent sizes available of the device to match the patient's anatomical characteristics and pathology.

embolectomy for compromised patients remains an option for treatment of massive PE.