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A novel series of quinoline-linked rhodanine bearing 1,2,3-triazole analogs (10a-l) have been designed and prepared. All the novel hybrids were analyzed and characterized by spectroscopic performances like 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HR-MS analysis. The anticancer efficiency of final molecules was screened for their in vitro activity against the diverse cancer cells lines like HeLa (cervical carcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast), HT-29 (colon cancer), and Caco-2 (human epithelial). Amongst, compound (10c) exhibited more potent anticancer activity than Combretastatin-A4 as a standard drug against MCF7, Caco-2, HeLa, HT-29, and Caco-2 cancer cells with IC50 values of 3.67, 3.93, 4.92, and 6.83 μM, respectively. The overview of an electron-releasing substituent on the aryl ring exhibited potent anticancer activity. It is the first report to reveal the quinoline-linked rhodanine-bearing 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds as potential antitumor agents with inclusive docking analysis. Graphical abstract