Unfortunately, the vaccine response conducted before investigations did not stop progression of the epidemic which broke out three months later in the Worofla health area, close to the Magrékros encampment.

In Côte d'Ivoire, rubber cultivation has more than doubled since 2010. These mass agricultural areas require a large workforce with little information on how this environment might impact risk of mosquitoborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the larval ecology of mosquitoes in rubber areas of Dabou, Côte d'Ivoire.From January to June 2017, an entomological survey was conducted of mature (MP) and immature (IP) rubber plantations, as well as in villages surrounded by rubber plantations (SV) and remote from rubber plantations (RV). The number and type of potential and positive breeding sites were recorded, and mosquito larval densities and diversity were estimated.Seven genera divided into 31 species including major vector such as Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Aedes aegypti, were identified. A total of 1,660 waterbodies were identified with a larvae positivity rate of 63.1 %. A majority of waterbodies were identified in SV (N=875, 53.4 % positivity rate), followed by MP (N=422, 81.8 % positivity rate), IP (N=194, 72.2 % positivity rate) and least in RV (N=169, 57.4 % positivity rate). The most important breeding sites for disease vectors were leaf axils in IP (N=108, 77.1%), latex collection cups in MP (N=332, 96.2%) and the containers abandoned in the SV (N=242, 51.8%) as well as in the RV (N=59, 60.8%).All these results allow us to affirm that the cultivation of rubber trees has an impact on the larval ecology by increasing the number of available sites and favoring a high larval density and diversity.

Objectif : Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer la réduction de l’infection à Pseudomonas aeruginosa par les bactériophages en aquaculture Méthodologie et résultats : Le phage (PaBor1a) de la bio-collection des phages de l’Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire et la souche Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA001-2018) multi-résistante isolée des poissons piscicoles ont été utilisés pour cette étude. D’une part dans les conditions in vitro, 100 µl d’une solution de phage (108 UFP) et de PA001-2018 ont été mis en culture dans 5 ml de bouillon Luria Bethani pendant 24 h. D’autre part dans les conditions in vivo, un aquarium de 5 L d’eau contenant 6 poissons (Oreochromis niloticus) a été inoculé avec 100 µl de PA001-2018 et du phage PaBor1a pendant 24 h. En présence du phage, la charge bactérienne a été réduite après 2-4 h dans les tests in vitro et in vivo. La décroissance de la population bactérienne et la croissance de celle du phage ont été parallèlement observée. Ce résultat démontre l’efficacité du phage PaBor1a dans le contrôle de la bactérie PA001- 2018 multi-résistante. Conclusion et applications des résultats: La réduction de la charge bactérienne montre le bio contrôle de l’infection à Pseudomonas aeruginosa par le phage PaBor1a. Ce résultat se propose comme alternative thérapeutique pour la lutte contre les infections bactérienne en aquaculture par la méthode balnéaire Mots clés : aquaculture, Oreochromis niloticus, multi-résistant, phages, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Koudou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Biocontrôle de l’infection à Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-résistant par les bactériophages en aquaculture en Côte d’Ivoire 15941 Biocontrol of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by bacteriophages in Cote d’Ivoire aquaculture ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-resistant infection in aquaculture tests by phage activity. Methodology and Results: The phage (PaBor1a) from the phage bio-collection of the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire was used against multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA001-2018) isolated from aquaculture fish in this study. The test in vitro was conducted by culture of , the phage (108 PFU) and 100 µl of PA001- 2018 in 3 ml of Luria Bethani broth for 24 h. And the test in vivo occurs in aquarium tank of 5 L containing 6 fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), and inoculated with 100 µl of PA001-2018 and phage PaBor1a (108 PFU) for 24 h. The negative tests were conducted without phage PaBor1a under the same conditions. The results shows that the presence of the phage, the bacterial load was reduced after 2- 4 h in both tests. Bacterial decay and phage growth were observed in parallel. This result demonstrates the efficacy of phage PaBor1a against the multidrug resistant PA001- 2018 bacteria in aquarium tank. Conclusion and applications of results: reduction of bacterial load show the bio control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by phage PaBor1a. This result is proposed as a therapeutic alternative in aquaculture against bacterial infection in aquaculture by washing method Keywords: aquaculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multi-resistant, phages

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolysing action of Naja nigricollis venom on rabbit blood. To carry out this study, three batches of three rabbits were formed with two control batches and one experimental batch. Each control lot is composed of three rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot is composed of two males and one female. Each rabbit from the control lots was separately collected in the purple tube (EDTA) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The rabbits from the experimental batch were also collected distinctly a few minutes after the injection of the venom of Naja nigricollis for the analysis of haematological parameters. However, before the analysis of the hematological parameters of the rabbits from the control and experimental batches, an in vitro hemolysis test of Naja nigricollis venom was performed to verify its hemolysing power. The results showed that Naja nigricollis venom has a dose-dependent in vitro hemolysing power. As for the haemogram, it revealed that the venom of Naja nigricollis has a decreasing effect on blood cells (red and white blood cells), on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, and an elevation on MGVs thus promoting anaemia.

Aims: Evaluate the in vivo activity of minerals from two plants on hematological parameters. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology and at the laboratory of Daloa Hospital (Côte d'Ivoire), between December 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: During this study, twenty-seven rabbits, seventeen males and ten females were used. For its realization, two portions were carried out (experimental and control). The experimental portion consisted of seven batches of three rabbits (two males and one female), while the control portion consisted of two batches of three males and three females for each batch. Each rabbit of the two portions was collected separately in a purple tube (EDTA) with the only difference that for the experimental portion, a given rabbit was first scarified and then a previously prepared precise potion (P) was separately applied to the scarified area of the rabbit and blood was collected from day 4 onwards for analysis of hematological parameters. Results: This study reveals that: P1 (ashes of Mucuna pruriens, Millettia pinnata and viper skull) and P3 (ashes of Millettia pinnata) have a stimulating activity on hematopoiesis. P1, P3, P4 (ashes of viper skull), P6 (ashes of viper skull and Mucuna pruriens) and P7 (ashes of viper skull and Millettia pinnata) have a stimulating action on the synthesis of hemoglobin. P1, P2, P3, P5 (ashes of Mucuna pruriens and Millettia pinnata), P6 and P7 induce hyperlymphocytosis in some animals; whereas P1, P3 and P6 promote hyperleukocytosis in each female of lots 3; 5 and 8. P2 (Mucuna pruriens ash), P3, P5, P6 and P7 induce thrombocytosis in females of the various lots; while P1, P2, P4, P6 and P7 promote thrombocytopenia in some animals. Conclusion: Minerals from the two plants have different effects on rabbit hematological parameters.