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Aims: The present study investigated the potential nephroprotective activity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Trema guineensis leaves (Ulmaceae) and determined the most active extract in rat.

Trema guineensis is a plant of Cote d'Ivoire which is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases such as malaria, anemia. We have tested the anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema, erythrocyte sedimentation test, concentration of Reactive protein-C), the in vitro antioxidant (DPPH radical essay and lipid peroxidation) and the in vivo antioxidant activities (FRAP, TBARS essay) of its ethanolic leaves extract as well as its aqueous leaves extract. The maximum inhibition (33.58%) was obtained with the ethanolic extract with the dose of 200 mg kgG 1 b.wt. after 5 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw edema, whereas diclofenac (used as the standard) produced 27.97% of inhibition. Reactive Protein-C (CRP) concentration indicated that the ethanolic extract (0.29±0.02 mg LG 1 ) had more impact on the edema. This tendency was still observed with the erythrocyte sedimentation test. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate IC 50 value. The results showed that, the ethanolic extract exhibited significant DPPH with IC 50 value of 20.23±0.4 µmol mLG 1 while, the aqueous extract inhibited with IC 50 value of 12.3±0.09 µmol mLG 1 in comparison to the control (vitamin C). Lipid peroxidation induced by the Fe 2+ , was inhibited more by the ethanolic extract. The in vivo study in rats with the extracts showed a significant antioxidant activity using the FRAP and TBARS methods. The ethanolic extract values (11.77±0.33% and 730±5.00 µmol of iron II/L) were the best compared to the vitamin C (reference molecule). These observations helped us to conclude that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts are endowed with interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; in addition, the ethanolic extract (200 kg mgG 1 b.wt.) was most active. The phenols, the flavonoids and the flavonols may play an important role in these activities.

This study was carried out to determine biochemical (lipids and ferritin)and electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) markers in children suffering from malnutrition in Abidjan Hospital setting before and after supplementation with soya and spirulina. The study concerned a total of 195 children between 6-59 months distributed in several groups. They were evaluated for total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) by enzymatic method using Fully analyzer (Biosystem-Italie) and the electrolytes such as chloride, potassium and sodium concentration by flame photometry using automated analyser (Humanlyte-USA). Concerning the TG, values increased at the end of the study, but only the group having received the spirulina (group 3) supplement recorded a significant profit (p<0.001). It was the same for the TC for which a significant increase was observed with this same group (p<0.05) compared to their baseline value. There was an increase in natremia, kaliemia and chloride in all groups that were low at the start of the study compared to normal values, even though this increase was not significant. However, children kaliemia in group 3 showed a significant increase (p<0.05).The intake of family foods, soya and spirulina improved lipids and electrolytes characteristics of all children under study. The diet with spirulina was the most efficient in our study.

Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the Pronostic of Inflammatory and nutritional Index (PINI) during the supplementation with soya and spirulina in children from 6 to 59 months. Study Design: Hundred ninety-five (195) children moderate malnourished selected according to WHO standards. Place and Duration of Study: Children selected were distributed in three groups in order to receive in addition to the family food during one month respectively millet porridge (group 1; 65 children), millet porridge strengthened in the soya (group 2; 65 children) and millet porridge enriched in the spirulina (group 3; 65 children). Pascal et al.; IJBCRR, 17(1): 1-8, 2017; Article no.IJBCRR.32951 2 Methodology: Nutritional and inflammatory parameters were measured at the beginning and the end of study. PINI was also calculated in this study. Results: The group 3 (Spirulina) recorded significant variations (p< 0.05) regarding all the parameters (decrease of CRP and α1-GPA and increase of albumin and prealbumin). As for the PINI, it has been significantly (p< 0.05) reduced in group 2 and a high significant decrease was shown in group 3 (p< 0.01). It emerges from the study that the spirulina improves more quickly the PINI as nutritional supplement than the Soya compared to family food. Conclusion: This study indicates spirulina and soybean could be used to improve nutritional status in children suffering from acute malnutrition. Original Research Article