Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can cause massive hemorrhage and is often treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE), which may lead to ovarian insufficiency. Thus, avoiding UAE should be considered, particularly in women undergoing fertility treatments. We present three women diagnosed with postmiscarriage AVM on color Doppler by transvaginal ultrasound imaging. They had no genital bleeding and a small mass, measuring 16–22 mm. If estradiol was >300 pg/mL when AVM was diagnosed, then a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was administered. All three women underwent follow-up observation, revealing spontaneous mass disappearance. To avoid ovarian insufficiency risk with UAE, conservative management and close follow-up observation should be considered in patients with AVM without bleeding, particularly during the fertility treatment.

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of embryo quality on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 80 live singleton births, resulting from morphologically good‐quality embryo transfers, and 25 live singleton births that resulted from morphologically poor‐quality embryo transfers between January, 2008 and December, 2014. Cleavage embryos that were graded as ≥2, according to the Veeck classification system, and blastocysts that were graded as ≥3BB, according to the Gardner classification system, were defined as good quality. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the poor‐ and good‐quality embryo transfer groups.ResultsThe mean maternal age between the groups was similar. The blastocyst transfer rate was higher in the good‐quality, than in the poor‐quality, embryo transfer group. Other characteristics, including parity, infertility duration, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection rate, frozen‐thawed embryo transfer rate, endometrial thickness, and hormone values before the embryo transfer, were similar between the groups. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes of live births between the two groups were not different in terms of preterm delivery, birthweight, small or large size for gestational age, malformation, umbilical artery cord pH of <7.20, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, chorioamnionitis, placenta previa, and placental abruption.ConclusionThe obstetric and neonatal outcomes of live births between the poor‐ and good‐quality embryo transfers were equivalent.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between the microbiome of the female genital tract and endometriosis. Methods This prospective cohort study included 36 women who underwent laparoscopic surgery for ovarian tumor from July 2019 to April 2020. Of them, 18 had endometriosis, and 18 did not have endometriosis. Vaginal secretions, endometrial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and ovarian cystic fluid were collected during surgery. Next‐generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA was performed to characterize the microbiome. Results Specific microbiomes were not detected in either peritoneal fluid or ovarian cystic fluid regardless of the presence or absence of endometriosis and the type of cyst. When the cutoff value of infectious bacterial abundance in the vagina was set as 64.3%, there were many cases more than a cutoff value in the endometriosis group significantly ( p = 0.01). When the cutoff value of infectious bacterial abundance in the endometrium was set as 18.6%, there were many cases more than a cutoff level in the endometriosis cases significantly ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Peritoneal fluid and ovarian cystic fluid are almost sterile, although dysbiosis may occur in the vaginal and endometrial microbiome in women with endometriosis.

One-carbon metabolism (OCM) refers to a metabolic pathway composed of folic acid (FA) and methionine metabolism. Methionine is an essential amino acid required for methylation, DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis, and coenzymes, such as vitamin B6, vitamin B12 (VB12), and FA, are necessary for normal methionine metabolism. Incomplete metabolism and disturbed equilibrium (balance) can result in harmful homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation. Hyperhomocysteinemia affects various stages of reproduction and is related to disorders of morphology, number, and motility of sperm, 1 fetal congenital malformation, abortion, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and low birth weight. 2-4 FA and VB12 constituting OCM are essential for Hcy remethylation to produce methionine. Therefore, FA and VB12 intake changes caused by nutritional disturbances, such as vegetable insufficiency,

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