IntroductionInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) primarily affect the interstitium, an alveolar wall tissue between the capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelium. The term 'interstitial,' however, is misleading since alveolar spaces, peripheral airways, and vessels can be involved in most of these disorders. They often require a multidisciplinary diagnosis i.e., an integration of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. A chest radiograph is relatively insensitive because of nonspecific patterns.Generally, these disorders can progress to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is critical to make a prompt and accurate diagnosis of the underlying causes so that patients can be managed appropriately. ILD is subdivided into idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one subset, and diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, which may be secondary to a variety of occupational or environmental exposures or others. They can complicate multiple rheumatic or connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Apart from ILD, other forms of lung damage involving the pleura, vasculature, airways, and lymphatic tissue can complicate CTDs. AimsAims include studying the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in diagnosing various ILDs based on morphologic patterns, evaluating the correlation between ILD and various connective tissue disorders and the prevalence of complications in such patients, and evaluating the association of smoking with various ILDs. MethodsThis is a retrospective study in which HRCT thorax was performed on a 128-slice Philips CT scanner machine on 50 patients from December 2020 to February 2022 in SVP Hospital, Ahmedabad. No age or gender bias was followed.

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Background: HIV-AIDS is associated with many opportunistic infections during the course of disease. One of the most important of them in India is tuberculosis (TB). Also tuberculosis is the one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients living with HIV-AIDS. Aims & Objectives: This study was carried out to know the epidemiology and clinical presentation of tuberculosis as an opportunistic infection in patients of HIV-AIDS. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in GMERS medical college, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, which is attached with the district government hospital. 834 HIV-infected patients, who were visited ART center, general medicine OPD and Pulmonary medicine OPD between November 2012 and December 2013, were recruited in the study. All the patients were screened for presence of tuberculosis and structured performa was used to note down all the details of the patients. Results: Tuberculosis was most common opportunistic infection recorded and the prevalence rate was 22.19%. Tuberculosis involving the lymph nodes was the most common presentation of TB in patients of HIV-AIDS. Conclusion: Tuberculosis in HIV-AIDS patients is still an important and fairly common opportunistic infection. All HIV-AIDS patients needs to be screened for evidence of TB and all the patients with TB needs to be screened for HIV co-infection.

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