Introduction: Anal Fissure (AF) is a longitudinal tear in the epithelium of the anoderm within the anal canal. It is associated with symptoms of severe anal pain and rectal bleeding. While searching for literatures on AF prevalence in Nepal, there were hardly any systematic published studies except a few studies that mostly focused in the treatment and outcome of the disease. The objective of the present study is to report on AF prevalence with its seasonal pattern among anorectal disorder patients from this rural part of Nepal. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from June 2015 to March 2020 at the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences. The demographic characteristics features of anal fissure were recorded. Cases included all hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and fistula in Ano with a bleeding history. Previous fistulectomy, biopsy-proven tuberculosis and malignancy were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16. Results: A total of 1768 patients with ano-rectal disorders visited surgical outpatient department OPD) during the study period. Of 1768 patients, 415 patients (23.47%) had anal fissures. The mean age of patients was 29.02±13.58 years. There were 176 male patients (42.4%) and 239 (57.6%) patients were female. The majority (n=148; 35.7%) of patients were in the group 20 to 29 years. Most of the patients with anal fissure visited during winter time (42.7%). Conclusion: Anal fissure is common anorectal problem, with slight female predominance. The majority was found to affect the adolescent group

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen. It contributes for 40 % of all emergency performed abdominal surgeries in western world and 26 % it accounts for in Nepal. The treatment of acute appendicitis remains a health problem and considerable morbidity and mortality are still associated with it. Perforation, abscess formation, appendicular lump and surgical site of infection are well reported morbidities. Late arrival in hospital and use of inadequate dose of antibiotics in local might have association in increasing morbidities. The aim of the study is to observe the morbidity and mortality in appendicitis patients belonging to this Midwestern region of Nepal. Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in the Karnali academy of health sciences, Jumla Nepal. The data includes the 5 years period from Jan 2014 to March 2020. The parameters included admission of acute appendicitis, age, gender, post-operative findings and complication. Results: There were 186 cases collectively. 175 cases of appendicitis were recorded. The mean age was 31±15.16. Ninety two (52.6%) were female; 83(47.4%) were male. 119(68%) had appendectomies. 56(32%) were treated conservatively. 29(51.78%) were appendicular lump and 27(48.2%) were suspected appendicitis. Five were found to have perforation of appendix. Two had abscess in 29 cases of appendicular mass. 2 had surgical site infection. Conclusion: Among patients who were admitted in the hospital with diagnosis of acute appendicitis, the commonest complication is the appendicular lump, which might be due to late hospital arrival or early antibiotics use impulsively at local level, followed by perforation appendix. The result supports both appendectomy and conservative treatment are equally feasible for acute appendicitis accordingly the cases presented in the hospital.