Discourse on pivotal current issues through and in education is the best approach to promote civic engagement and meaningful political participation among the youth. In this paper, the benefits of civic education empowerment from among Grade 12 students of Sablan National High School was explored. The essence of civic education empowerment has three main goals: political knowledge and understanding, democratic attitudes, and a readiness for democratic political action. Schools play an important role in catalyzing increased civic engagement; they can do this by enabling the youth to develop and practice the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours needed to participate in civic life. The ripple effect of civic education empowerment is manifested in the relevant learning experiences obtained by the participants in terms of their civic knowledge and civic skills. As to how these civic knowledge and civic skills enhance their civic dispositions and participation, it is evident that participant-respondents assimilated the necessary civic knowledge for an informed choice which reflects their civic dispositions in the formulation of their standards for suffrage. Civic knowledge, civic skills, and civic dispositions and participation constitute the core elements of an informed and active citizenship.

Since the establishment of Central Banks, they have been responsible for their national economic stabilization. This paper explores how selected banks have responded to oil price shocks. Firstly, the paper provides a critical analysis of the effects of commodity price shocks using a version of the three equations – the New Keynesian model. Secondly, the paper chronologically investigates past responses to shocks from five central banks, emphasizing similar and extreme responses and their success. Lastly, the paper utilizes the historical analysis to formulate a recommended response for central banks today. The major outcome of this study is the culmination of a recommendation that proactively implementing contractionary monetary policy alongside expansionary fiscal policy, using conventional and unconventional policies is the most effective.

This study aims to understand the form of social action in the kinship of migrant informal sector vendors and understand the values that underlie the formation of social warranty. The research paradigm used in this study is the social definition paradigm, using a qualitative approach and an ethnographic type of research. The technique of determining the research subjects used purposive sampling and data collection techniques using interview and observation techniques. Data analysis techniques using interactive models and data validity checking techniques using data source triangulation. The results of the study conclude that: a) The social action of migrant angkringan vendors in deciding to open an angkringan business in Ponorogo City is an Instrumental Social Action (Zwerk Rational); b) The existence of the angkringan merchant group cannot be separated from the kinship values that underlie the relationship between them; c) Kinship relations, whether based on marriage or social kinship, have fostered values of mutual assistance or mutual assistance, mutual support for business, and tolerance between Vendors, which supports the continuity of the angkringan business in Ponorogo City; d) The values that have become customary in kinship groups of migrant angkringan vendors have formed social warranty, and e) Social warranty makes the business of the migrant angkringan vendor’s group stronger, able to face business competition, and able to meet the economic needs of their families

Discourse on pivotal current issues through and in education is the best approach to promote civic engagement and meaningful political participation among the youth. In this paper, the benefits of civic education empowerment from among Grade 12 students of Sablan National High School was explored. The essence of civic education empowerment has three main goals: political knowledge and understanding, democratic attitudes, and a readiness for democratic political action. Schools play an important role in catalyzing increased civic engagement; they can do this by enabling the youth to develop and practice the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours needed to participate in civic life. The ripple effect of civic education empowerment is manifested in the relevant learning experiences obtained by the participants in terms of their civic knowledge and civic skills. As to how these civic knowledge and civic skills enhance their civic dispositions and participation, it is evident that participant-respondents assimilated the necessary civic knowledge for an informed choice which reflects their civic dispositions in the formulation of their standards for suffrage. Civic knowledge, civic skills, and civic dispositions and participation constitute the core elements of an informed and active citizenship.