Background: The arch of aorta in man has three main branches that supply the region of head and neck and upper limbs. The aorta beginning at the base of left ventricle, curves to the right and ascends upto the level of upper border of second right sternocostal joint. In animals the aorta is the main systemic arterial trunk and ascends to curve sharply backwards forming the arch to reach the eighth or ninth thoracic vertebra. The branches arising from the arch of aorta in man supply the head and neck. This study was undertaken to compare the arrangement of branches arising from the aorta considering the differences in posture and locomotion between the animals and man. Materials and Methods: The specimens of the human heart were obtained from the regular dissection done on the cadavers for teaching purpose in the department of Anatomy, P.E.S Institute of medical sciences and research. The heart specimens of the domestic animals were obtained from the local butcher who had legal permission to sacrifice the animals for sale. The heart was removed carefully along with the arch and its branches. 10% formalin was used to transport and preserve the specimens in glass jars. Results: Only one large vessel was seen arising from the convexity of the arch called the Common brachiocephalic trunk (CBCT) in domestic animals.The brachiocephalic trunk arises from the aortic arch and branches cranially. It provides the blood supply for the thoracic limbs, the neck, the head, and the ventral portion of the thorax. The brachiocephalic trunk gave both subclavian arteries and continued as the bicarotid trunk. The bicarotid trunk bifurcates in to left and right common carotid arteries. The left subclavian artery was found to lie at a lower level than the right in the animals in this study. Conclusion: The arrangement of branches of aorta in man and animals is certainly different and this could be due to postural adaptations and haemodynamics specific to the species. This area has potential for research in trying to understand the evolution of cerebro-vascular flow and dominance.

The objective of this study was to observe the patterns of different arteries that supply the kidneys. The kidney has a segmental distribution of arteries. The kidneys are divided into five vascular segments. The arteries that arise from the aorta above or below the main renal artery and reach the hilum are called accessory renal arteries. They are persistent embryonic lateral splanchnic arteries. Accessory renal arteries may arise from the celiac or superior mesenteric arteries, near the bifurcation or from the common iliac arteries. The present study has attempted to find out accessory, and aberrant arteries to kidneys with review of literature. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 52 kidneys randomly selected from cadavers that were used for the purpose of teaching in the department of Anatomy at P.E.S Medical College. The kidneys were removed from the cadavers en-block with the arteries and veins intact. The renal artery was observed for its pattern of branching. Observations and Discussion: The pre-hilar branching pattern was absent only in six kidneys out of the 52 kidneys selected. The branches given before entering the hilum were either in the form of a fork pattern or a ladder pattern in the remaining 46 kidneys. The fork pattern wherein the branches arose from a single point was found in 42 kidneys. The ladder patterns were seen in two posterior segment arteries and two anterior segment arteries. The anterior division often showed the fork patterns which were either duplicate or triplicate outside the hilum more proximally, with further division into duplicate or triplicate terminal branches closer to the hilum but significantly outside.

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