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Bandwidth requirement prediction is an important part of network design and service planning. The natural way of predicting bandwidth requirement for existing network is to analyze the past trends and apply appropriate mathematical model to predict for the future. For this research, the historical usage data of FWDR network nodes of Nepal Telecom is subject to univariate linear time series ARIMA model after logit transformation to predict future bandwidth requirement. The predicted data is compared to the real data obtained from the same network and the predicted data has been found to be within 10% MAPE. This model reduces the MAPE by 11.71% and 15.42% respectively as compared to the non-logit transformed ARIMA model at 99% CI. The results imply that the logit transformed ARIMA model has better performance compared to non-logittransformed ARIMA model. For more accurate and longer term predictions, larger dataset can be taken along with season adjustments and consideration of long term variations.

Sustainable agricultural management requires knowledge of where and when crops are grown, what they are, and for how long. However, such information is not yet available in Nepal. Remote sensing coupled with farmers’ knowledge offers a solution to fill this gap. In this study, we created a high-resolution (10 m) seasonal crop map and cropping pattern in a mountainous area of Nepal through a semi-automatic workflow using Sentinel-2 A/B time-series images coupled with farmer knowledge. We identified agricultural areas through iterative self-organizing data clustering of Sentinel imagery and topographic information using a digital elevation model automatically. This agricultural area was analyzed to develop crop calendars and to track seasonal crop dynamics using rule-based methods. Finally, we computed a pixel-level crop-intensity map. In the end our results were compared to ground-truth data collected in the field and published crop calendars, with an overall accuracy of 88% and kappa coefficient of 0.83. We found variations in crop intensity and seasonal crop extension across the study area, with higher intensity in plain areas with irrigation facilities and longer fallow cycles in dry and hilly regions. The semi-automatic workflow was successfully implemented in the heterogeneous topography and is applicable to the diverse topography of the entire country, providing crucial information for mapping and monitoring crops that is very useful for the formulation of strategic agricultural plans and food security in Nepal.

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The core concern of this article is to unravel the underlying mystery of mental activities; it reveals how a writer tends to weave his thoughts and memories. The article aims at dealing with the bases of writer’s reasons and recollections appeared in journal. The analysis as such becomes significant to synchronize, acknowledge and recognize the basic causes behind the seemingly scattered and deviated thoughts but coherently correlated concepts of the writer. In order to achieve such importance and objective of this study, this qualitative research has implemented an outlook the nature / culture ambivalent aspect of the broad perspective, ecocriticism on shaping one’s perception as a tool. And the model text to be analyzed is “Reminiscences of a Journey to Greece” a journal prepared by Govinda Raj Bhattarai. After the investigation into this journal, the exploration elucidates that one’s encounter with the environment becomes the generator and stimulator of mental matters memoirs, concepts, ideas and emotions. Therefore, the key conclusion of this analysis is that one cannot generate ideas in the void or absence of context rather the external world becomes the bedrock to beget inner world the conceptions of the creator in journal.