To evaluate patients' satisfaction with ophthalmology health services in a teaching clinic of a tertiary public hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in ophthalmology clinic of Dr. Sardjito teaching hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia conducted in 2019. Patients were surveyed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 (PSQ-18). PSQ-18 subscale score was analyzed based on patients' characteristics. The main outcome was the odds of reaching top satisfaction score (TSS) of 4-5 from a Likert scale 1 to 5. Results: Our study recorded 269 participants who consisted of 138 males (51.3%) and 131 females (48.7%) with median age of 52 (18-87) years old. Variables with higher odds of reaching TSS on "patient overall satisfaction" was public health insurance (OR: 7.959 [95% CI: 1.989-31.852], p=0.003) while examination time (OR: 0.955 [95% CI: 0.923-0.988], p=0.008) had lower odds. Examination waiting time (OR: 0.992 [95% CI: 0.985-0.999], p=0.027) and examination time (OR: 0.941 [95% CI: 0.908-0.976], p=0.001) had lower odds of reaching TSS in "general satisfaction". Family monthly income (OR: 1.829 [95% CI: 1.038-3.223], p=0.037) had higher odds of reaching TSS in "technical quality" while examination time (OR: 0.961 [95% CI: 0.931-0.993], p=0.017) and education (OR: 0.549 [95% CI: 0.322-0.934], p=0.027) had lower odds. Comorbidities (OR: 0.533 [95% CI: 0.301-0.944], p=0.031) had lower odds of reaching TSS in "financial aspects". Retina subspecialty clinic (OR: 3.436 [95% CI: 1.154-10.232], p=0.027) had higher odds of reaching TSS in "time spent with doctor". Registrar as attending physician (OR: 0.427 [95% CI: 0.205-0.89], p=0.0230) and examination time (OR: 0.957 [95% CI: 0.924-0.991], p=0.013) had lower odds of reaching TSS in "accessibility-convenience". Conclusion: Examination time and examination waiting time should be shortened, specialist doctors should always see the patients whenever possible, and registrars' technical and communication skill should be improved. Alternative funding for patients without health insurance also should be provided to increase satisfaction.

Pterygium is an eye condition that causes abnormal growth of fibrous tissue on the sclera. Pterygium could cause vision impairment when it reaches the area that blocks the pupil. Though the cause is still inconclusive, pterygium is associated with older age and male gender. The incidence of pterygium in Yogyakarta remains relatively unreported due to little documentation. This study aimed to report findings from the Pterygium Surgery Social Service Program, focusing on the age and sex distribution from several communities in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study subjects were pterygium patients from the social service program organized by the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in October 2018 – March 2020. There were 227 patients consisted of 151 female patients (66.5%) and 76 male patients (33.5%). There were 22 patients (9.7%) who had grade I pterygium, 137 patients (60.4%) had grade II pterygium, 45 patients (19.8%) diagnosed as having third-grade pterygium, and 23 patients (10.1%) had grade IV pterygium. On average, female patients made a higher proportion of those having pterygium in all grades. The majority of patients in all age groups fell into second-grade pterygium, except for those aged >70 years old who had a higher number of those in the grade III category. In conclusion, female subjects made a higher proportion than males in all pterygium grades, and those aged 70 years and older had a more severe stage.

Purpose: The learning effect is an essential factor in many psychophysical tests. This study aims to examine the learning effects of Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) in patients with glaucoma.Study design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Twenty eyes of 12 patients (10 patients [83.4%] open-angle glaucoma, 1 patient [8.3%] angle-closure glaucoma, and 1 patient [8.3%] secondary glaucoma) were sent to HFA examination for three different sessions of examination. The inclusion criteria were patients with glaucoma who completed three HFA examinations.The results were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The primary outcomes were reliability, global indices, and the threshold sensitivity between the three sessions.Results: Duration to complete the HFA test statistically decreased after the third session (first vs third session: 387 ± 96 vs 307 ± 93 sec; p = 0.017) as well as fixation loss (first vs third session: 0.25 ± 0.19 vs 0.05 ± 0.11: p = 0.001). False-negative results improved after the third session (first vs third session: 0.15 ± 0.15 vs 0.02 ± 0.03 p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in false-positive, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, and visual field index within the three sessions.Conclusions: There was shorter test duration, decreased fixation loss, and decreased false negatives in the third session of HFA, but there was no statistically significant change to the global indices. Experience has important effect on perimetry results. Thus, the learning effect should be taken into consideration for management ofpatients with glaucoma.

Introduction & Objective: Birth to the age of 3–5 y.o. is the critical period of visual acuity development in children. Preferential looking is an early eye examination to detect visual impairment in children and has been known as an objective test for children below 5 y.o. The purpose of this study was to examine the children’s accuracy in answering the computer-based preferential looking test. Methods This research was conducted using a cross-sectional method. The subjects used were children aged 3–5 y.o. who were taken by convenience sampling technique in four urban kindergartens in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The visual acuity measurement technique used was a preferential looking with hemispatial Gabor patch written in Python application. The eye tracker was used as a control. The analytical method used was descriptive analysis to determine the characteristics of the subject and the average accuracy of both eyes followed by the one-way ANOVA method to see the significance of differences in overall eye accuracy. Results Mean Lea’s Chart visual acuity (LogMAR) of the eye tracked group: 0.21 ± 0.14 and the no eye tracked group: 0.28 ± 0.13. The accuracy of the eye tracked group (n = 38 eyes) for the 3, 4, and 5 y.o. groups were: 81.14 ± 14.75, 75.98 ± 13.13, 81.00 ± 10.71, respectively (p = 0.459). Comparison between the eye tracked group and the no eye tracked group, the accuracy (n = 38 eyes) of eye tracked group: 78.90 ± 12.11 and no eye tracked group (n = 38 eyes): 86.21 ± 3,83 (p = 0.001). Conclusions The children’s accuracy when performing the preferential looking test was remarkable considering their early age. Therefore, this method is applicable to a basic examination to get objective visual acuity in preschool children.