Regulation of banking risks by the state is due to the specifics of banking, associated with the transformation of deposits into loans and multiform negative effects that banking risks bear to the national economy. Since the late 1980s, the international practice of assessment and management of banking risks began to be reflected in the documents of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. In this paper we consider the evolution of Basel standards from Basel I to Basel III, and discuss substantial features of each generation of the standards. To date, a considerable number of countries, including Russia, have joined Basel standards. The paper discusses the features of regulation of banking risks in Russia, as well as the problems faced by commercial banks and the regulator in the implementation of Basel standards in the Russian banking sector.