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Municipal waste landfill leachate results in different stages of waste stabilization and has a negative impact on the environment. When implementing a new policy on waste handling, monitoring landfill leachate should be carried out under conditions of a modern solid waste landfill. The paper discusses the quality of leachate observed in old and recently built landfills in Vilniusthe capital city of Lithuania. The landfills are situated at a distance of 20 kilometres from each other. Therefore, meteorological information has been taken from one station only. With reference to qualitative research into leachate considering seasonality, the conducted investigation mainly focuses on determining the dependence of landfills on air temperature and precipitation. The composition of leachate in landfills may differ depending on the degree of leachate stabilisation and a seasonal increase in quantity as well as on the influence of changing climatic conditions. The article presents 24 samples of most frequently analysed pollution parameters systematically identified on a seasonal basis. The analyzed parameters of Cl, SO 4 , NH 4 , Zn and Ni have showed significantly higher values when rainfall is lower, and vice versa. The carried out statistical analysis have included Pearson correlation coefficients varying from 0.588 till 0.997. Also, the impact of precipitation has been observed, however, it has been established that air temperature has no influence on leachate characteristics in the old landfill in Kariotiskes.

The most important advances in sustainability in the water industry are focused on the reuse of water treatment sludge. The Antaviliai Water Supply Plant, which is located in Lithuania, treats groundwater by removing iron and manganese from it. This technology does not produce water waste, as the iron sludge is used for recycling. In this study, iron sludge received from groundwater treatment is used to remove natural organic matter from river Neris water, which can be used as drinking water. Twelve doses (from 1 to 6 g/L and from 0.1 g/L to 0.9 g/L) of iron sludge powder, with acid and without it, were used. The most effective removal of organic compounds (55.51%) and reduction in water colour (53.12%) were observed when 0.3 g of iron sludge powder and 8 ml of 0.95% H 2 SO 4 solution were added to the tested water. It was found that the use of a conventional coagulant (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 *17H 2 O), with and without iron sludge powder, decreased the concentration of organic compounds and water colour from 2.8 to 28.2% compared with the use of a pure coagulant (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 *17H 2 O) alone.Sustainability 2019, 11, 639 2 of 15 with granular activated carbon and membrane filtration [8], has an influence on pipeline corrosion [9], and has an influence on bacterial regrowth in distribution systems [10]. For these reasons, NOM should be removed from drinking water. According to the European Union Council Directive 98/83/EC and the Lithuanian hygiene norm HN24:2017 "Drinking Water Safety and Quality Requirements", the total amount of organic matter (the permanganate index (PI) determines the amount of organic matter) should not exceed 5.0 mgO 2 /L.The most common technologies used for NOM removal are coagulation [11][12][13], coagulation and hallow-fibre nanofiltration [14], nanofiltration [15], biofiltration [3,4,16], ion exchange [17,18], various oxidation processes [19], carbon nanotubes [20], and adsorption by granulated active carbon [21,22].Coagulation is the most common method for NOM removal. Iron and aluminium salts are used in large amounts, and play an essential role in the production of drinking water and the removal of NOM, colour, and turbidity. A large amount of iron-rich drinking water treatment sludge is produced during coagulation. That sludge requires handling and ultimate disposal through, e.g., landfill [23]. The term "water treatment sludge" (further referred to as the WTS) covers all wastes produced during the treatment of water in the WTS, and the properties of the WTS depend typically on the quality of the raw water and the applied treatment method [24]. The most important advances in sustainability in the water industry are focused on minimizing energy usage and reusing wastewater sludge. The conventional coagulant treatment has a considerable impact on the improvement of sustainability through coagulant recovery, which enables the atoms of coagulant metals to be repeatedly recycled and reused [25]. Different techniques have been adopted to recover iron or aluminium salts from the precipitate: ac...

Landfills are the primary endpoints for the municipal solid waste materials after reduction, reuse, and recycling. The leachate drainage filling conductivity decrease in municipal waste landfills is researched and various solutions are offered. The leachate drainage filling conductivity decrease in municipal waste landfills is researched and various solutions are offered, but the problem remains. For modelling the leachate transport and clog mass accumulation within the porous was used a numerical model BioClog. The objective of all study is to establish the filling porosity change over a certain period of time by filtering the leachate from municipal waste landfills through experimental test columns, filled with various fillings and to compare with results, which are calculated with sophisticated mathematic model BioClog. All results are counted of tree different times (after 1 year, 15 and 30 years). These different times helps to compare the laboratory results. Also it is helps to be assumed clogging processes. Experiments and computer modelling results confirms the conclusion that tyre shreds are a material recommendable for the formation of leachate drainage layer in municipal waste landfills.

This work examines how the pollution from landfill aftercare effect the surrounding area and water basins. The subject of the study was a closed landfill where waste was disposed of without any accounting and operation of the landfill. During the study, soil, surface water, and sediment samples were taken over a two-year period. The data obtained compared with the maximum allowable concentrations established in the Northern part of Lithuania. The water sampling sites were selected taking into account the direction of the water flow, and the landfill was found to influence the water quality. Within 500 meters before the landfill, heavy metals and metalloid concentrations did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (Pb ≤ 20 µg/L; Ni ≤ 40 µg/L; Cr ≤ 100 µg/L; Cu ≤ 100 µg/L and As ≤ 20 µg/L). Soil and water sediment contamination factor and contamination level were determined for each metal and metalloid individually, which showed that as a single chemical element and its compounds none of them pose any danger to the environment. A different situation can be seen when calculating the total level of contamination, taking into account all pollutants classified as very hazardous, Z d > 10. The results showed that monitoring (of surface water, including soil) and investigations, helping to reduce negative environmental impact, should be continued in the closed landfill. mass and accumulate in the environment, everywhere: in soils, surface water and in basin sediment. The greatest danger is the possibility that a metal through the food chain can get in the human body [10]. The accumulation of heavy metal and metalloid in soil severely affects the bioaccumulation processes [11][12][13][14][15]. Local people in different areas cultivate vegetables, grazing cattle a nearby landfill maintenance and are threatened by heavy metal and metalloids exposure. This work examines how pollution from closed landfills affect the closed territories and surface water pools. The heavy metals and metalloids are the pollutants in the environment [16][17][18], which can be found in soil and water and sediments. Five heavy metals and metalloid have found near landfill, which are arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) [19][20][21][22][23]. The same chemical elements, which may pose the greatest environmental and human health hazards have been researched in this study. The main aim of the research is to identify whether there is an environmental impact on surrounding area of landfill aftercare. The research done with three segments of environment: soil, water and sediments heavy metals and metalloid accumulation measurement and analysis.