Cervical inflammatory disease associated with papillomavirus infection is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and plays a role in developing cervical dysplasia and cancer. Over the past 15 years, Russia has seen an increase in the proportion of neglected cervical cancer cases. Currently, the management and treatment strategy for cervicitis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial dysplasia ranges from monitoring with HPV testing and cytological control to excision and cervical conization. The immune status determines the course of the papillomavirus infection, which may be transient, latent, or persistent. In most cases (7080%), HPV is eliminated spontaneously. The detection of HPV DNA with clinical and morphological changes indicates a latent course of the disease. The complex use of clinical data and morphological and molecular biological studies results is most promising in identifying early prognostic markers of cervical malignancy. It is the basis for further search for cervical precancer progression pathogenetic markers.