Homogeneous nucleation of argon droplets has been measured with a newly designed cryogenic nucleation pulse chamber presented already in a previous paper [Fladerer and Strey, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 16 (2006)]. Here we present the first systematic nucleation onset data for argon measured in a temperature range from 42 to 58 K and for vapor pressures from 0.3 to 10 kPa. For these data we provide an analytical fit function. From the geometry of the optical detection system and the time of nucleation the experimental nucleation-rate range can be estimated. This allows a comparison of the data with the predictions of classical nucleation theory. We found 16-26 orders of magnitude difference between theory and experiment, and a too strong theoretical dependence of the nucleation rate on temperature. A comparison with the self-consistent theory of Girshick and Chiu [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 1273 (1990)] showed improved temperature dependence but still discrepancies of 11-17 orders of magnitude compared to experimental data. The thermodynamically consistent theory of Kashchiev [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 1837 (2003)] was found to agree rather well with experiment in respect to the temperature dependence and to predict rates about 5-7 orders of magnitude below the experimental ones. With the help of the Gibbs-Thomson equation we were able to evaluate the size of the critical nucleus to be 40-80 argon atoms.

We have measured isothermal homogeneous nucleation rates J for 1-pentanol vapor in two different carrier-gases, argon, and helium, using a two-valve nucleation pulse chamber. The nucleation rates cover a range of 10(5)

We investigated the homogeneous nucleation of nitrogen in a cryogenic expansion chamber [A. Fladerer and R. Strey, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 164710 (2006)]. Gas mixtures of nitrogen and helium as carrier gas were adiabatically expanded and cooled down from an initial temperature of 83 K until nucleation occurred. This onset was detected by constant angle light scattering at nitrogen vapor pressures of 1.3-14.2 kPa and temperatures of 42-54 K. An analytical fit function well describes the experimental onset pressures with an error of +/-15%. We estimate the size of the critical nucleus with the Gibbs-Thomson equation yielding critical sizes of about 50 molecules at the lowest and 70 molecules at the highest temperature. In addition, we estimate the nucleation rate and compare it with nucleation theories. The predictions of classical nucleation theory (CNT) are 9 to 19 orders of magnitude below the experimental results and show a stronger temperature dependence. The Reguera-Reiss theory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165701 (2004)] predicts the correct temperature dependence at low temperatures and decreases the absolute deviation to 7-13 orders of magnitude. We present an empirical correction function to CNT describing our experimental results. These correction parameters are remarkably close to the ones of argon [Iland et al., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 154506 (2007)] and even those of water [J. Wolk and R. Strey, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 11683 (2001)].

No abstract

No abstract