During 1998, a new disease appeared on trees representing a Eucalyptus grandis × E. nitens (GN) hybrid in a nursery in KwaZulu/Natal. The disease has subsequently spread to other Eucalyptus species, hybrids, and clones in nurseries and plantations throughout South Africa. Typical symptoms of the disease include dieback of young shoots and leaf blight. This ultimately leads to stunting of trees. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causal agent of the disease. A bacterium was consistently isolated from infected tissue. Pathogenicity tests were undertaken with a range of bacterial strains. Four pathogenic strains were selected from different geographical regions and Eucalyptus hosts for further study. The bacterium causing Eucalyptus leaf and shoot blight is gram negative and rod-shaped, varying in size from 0.5 to 0.75 μm wide and 1.0 to 2.0 μm long. Colonies of this bacterium have a yellow pigment. The results from the Biolog tests identified the bacterium as Pantoea agglomerans with a similarity index of 0.315. The 16S rDNA sequences of the purported Pantoea sp. were compared with those of other related Enterobacteriaceae from GenBank/EMBL. Phylogenetic analysis using PAUP revealed that the isolates group together with P. agglomerans, P. ananatis, and P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. The fatty acid profiles and phenotypic characteristics of the new pathogen are similar to P. ananatis, and % G + C is within the range of this species. DNA:DNA hybridization between the four strains and the type strain of P. ananatis conclusively showed that the bacterium causing blight and dieback of Eucalyptus in South Africa belongs to this species. This is the first report in which P. ananatis has been found as a causal agent of a disease on Eucalyptus.

Summary Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, has one of the widest host ranges of all phytopathogenic bacteria. This pathogen was first reported on Eucalyptus spp. in the late 1980s in Brazil. Since then, there have been reports of its occurrence on this host in Australia, China and Venezuela. Early in 1997, an 18‐month‐old clonally propagated Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis (GC) hybrid in Zululand, KwaZulu/Natal, showed signs of wilting. The vascular tissue of infected trees was dicoloured and bacterial exudation was produced from cut surfaces. The bacterium was consistently isolated from diseased tissue, purified and identified as R. solanacearum biovar 3 race 1, using the BioLog bacterial identification system. Inoculation trials were conducted on three E. grandis × E. camaldulensis clones (GC515, GC550 and GC505). Clone GC550 displayed wilting after 3 days and all cuttings subsequently died. Clones GC515 and GC505 appeared to be less susceptible with cuttings not showing signs of disease until 7 days after inoculation. After 14 days, 90 and 80%, respectively, of cuttings of these two clones had died. This is the first report of bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus in South Africa.

In this paper I argue that these object markers are agreement morphemes. Theories of agreement such as Baker (forthcoming, henceforth simply "Baker") propose that "true" agreement is restricted to a single object. Baker makes specific claims for Sambaa with regard to this analysis. I re-evaluate his analysis of Sambaa using new data. Baker proposes a number of tests for true agreement. I show that these are inconclusive for Sambaa in light of the new data. I discuss object agreement with coordinated objects and object agreement in wh-questions as potential new tests and conclude that Sambaa is actually a counterexample to Baker's generalization. (1) a. n-za-mw-ona Stella 1 sm1s-perf.dj-om1-see 1Stella 'I saw Stella. ' b. n-za-chi-m-nhka Stella kitabu sm1s-perf.dj-om7-om1-give 1Stella 7book 'I gave Stella a book. ' Bantuist literature distinguishes between languages with asymmetric double object constructions and languages with symmetric double object constructions (Bresnan

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