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The study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Tuberculosis (TB) in the age group >18 years. This study further analyzes the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2018), a cross-sectional study conducted in all city districts in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Unit samples of this study are population-based in the age group >18 years. The determination of having had TB is if the respondent answered yes to the question: "Has a doctor ever been diagnosed with TB by a period of ≤1 year". Nutritional status based on BMI value by calculating height per body weight. Nutritional status was classified as: underweight: BMI <18.5; normal: BMI ≥18.5 - <25.0; Overweight: BMI ≥25.0 - <27.0; obesity: BMI ≥27.0. The total sample was 624,562. The number of TB sufferers 3,220 (0.5%). The number of underweight respondents 62,456 (9.4%), normal respondents 344,941 (55.2%), overweight and obese respondents 221,021 (35.4%). There is a relationship between nutritional status and TB after controlling for confounding variables such as gender, education, type of work, residence, DM risk factors, and smoking behavior. Underweight has a risk of 7.67 (CI 6.40-9.20) of getting TB compared to overweight/obesity, while normal weight has a risk of 2.55 (CI 2.18-2.98) of getting TB compared to overweight/ obesity after controlled confounding variables. Underweight people have 7.67 times the risk of getting TB, and normal weight has 2.55 times have the prevalence ratio getting TB than obese people. The Additional food program for TB patients whose weight is thin in the age group >18 years.

Background: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been included in the national COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia since January 2021. The study aims to estimate the effectiveness of CoronaVac vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and death in adult population aged ≥18 years in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: Test-negative, case control study was conducted by linking SARS-CoV-2 laboratory records, COVID-19 vaccination, and health administrative data for the period of January 13 to June 30, 2021, among adults aged ≥18 years in Bali. Case-subjects were defined as individuals who had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during the period; they were matched with controls based on age, sex, district of residence, presence of comorbidities and week of testing. Conditional and multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted vaccine effectiveness. Results: Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14.5% (95% confidence interval -11 to 34.2) at 0-13 days after the first dose; 66.7% (58.1 to 73.5%) at ≥14 days after the second dose. Adjusted VE in preventing hospitalization and COVID-19-associated death was 71.1% (62.9% to 77.6%) and 87.4% (65.1% to 95.4%) at ≥14 days after receiving the second dose, respectively. Conclusions: Two-dose of inactivated CoronaVac vaccine showed high effectiveness against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death associated with COVID-19 among adults aged ≥18 years.

The subnational global hunger index (GHI-SN) is derived from the global hunger index as a simple indicator to compare hunger status at each subnational level and monitor health program achievement concerning the global target. The purpose of this objective study is to ensure the validity and reliability of the subnational global hunger index; to assess health inequality in children under the age of five in Indonesia. Method: We use secondary data analysis to determine malnutrition and child mortality prevalence using aggregate data from national basic health research survey reports (2007, 2010, 2013, 2018) and demographic survey reports from 2002, 2012, and 2017. The subnational hunger index was calculated using previously standardized undernutrition, stunting, wasting, and child mortality rates. Factor analysis and Pearson correlation with Alpha Cronbach coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability. Further analysis using longitudinal panel data analysis with random effect models in STATA. Results: The total percentage of variance (56.32%) demonstrates indicator construct validity. Cronbach Alpha Coefisien > 0.90, according to reliability analysis. Pearson correlation between GHI-SN and Public Health Development Index (IPKM) for all and IPKM for children under five (IPKM) 2013 and 2018 and IKPS (Special Index Stunting Management) index is strong, with r: -0.8: -0.67, respectively. Conclusion: The study found the Subnational Global Hunger Index (GHI-SN) to be valid and reliable. It can be used as an alternative measurement tool in Indonesia to assess health inequality and hunger in children under five. Keyword: Children under five, GHI, Subnational hunger index