This paper presents the basin tree diagrams of all hyper Bernoulli σ τ -shift rules for string lengths L = 3, 4, . . . , 8. These diagrams have revealed many global and time-asymptotic properties that we have subsequently proved to be true for all L < ∞. In particular, we have proved that local rule 60 has no Isles of Eden for all L, and that local rules 154 and 45 are inhabited by a dense set (continuum) of Isles of Eden if, and only if, L is an odd integer. A novel and powerful graph-theoretic tool, called Isles-of-Eden digraph, has been developed and can be used to test the existence of dense Isles of Eden of any local rule which satisfies certain constraints, such as rules 154 , 45 , 150 , 105 , as well as all invariant local rules, such as rules 170 , 240 , 15 and 85 , subject to no constraints.

PURPOSE. To optimize methods for positioning subretinal visual implants, customizing their cable length, guiding them to the predetermined retinal position, and evaluating their performance.METHODS. Ten eyes of 10 patients (6 male, 4 female, mean age 46.4 years) were investigated before implantation of a subretinal visual implant. The structural characteristics of the retina as well as the ocular dimensions were determined. Topographic images of the prospective implantation site were subdivided into grids of squares. Each square received a weighted score for suitability. The sum of the scores was calculated, and the region with the highest score was chosen for the implant. In each case, the implant's power supply cable length was calculated by means of magnetic resonance imaging. The planned and achieved positions before and after implantation were compared. RESULTS.The mean light sensitivity ratio between the area actually covered by the chip and that of the planned position was 90.8% with an SD of 11.4%. In two cases with almost perfect positioning, the computed ratio was 100%. Measurements showed that to achieve a 95% sensitivity rate the difference between the planned and achieved chip position must be less than 1.7 mm. Preoperative calculations of the intraocular cable length proved accurate in all cases.CONCLUSIONS. Preoperative evaluation of retinal structures and eye morphology is useful for guiding a retinal implant to the designated area. It is a meaningful tool for planning and performing retinal chip implantation, and it optimizes personalized implantation. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00515814, NCT01024803.) (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

Recognition of banknotes is a prevalent problem for blind and visually impaired people. The bionic eyeglass is a mobile platform that integrates several common visual detection and recognition functions. Relevant shapes are extracted from the image flow of the banknote shown to the mobile camera using adaptive thresholding and morphological shape filters. In a twolevel classification scheme different classifiers are used for different categories of patches (portrait, denomination, tactile marks), and the votes are combined through an ensemble decider. The confidence of the decision is established if the same class recurs through several frames. The system has been tested on blind subjects using a cell phone based prototype, and the results showed that they quickly became confident using it.

This report describes analogic algorithms used in the preprocessing and segmentation phase of offline handwriting recognition tasks. A segmentation-based handwriting recognition approach is discussed, i.e., the system attempts to segment the words into their constituent letters. In order to improve their speed, the utilized CNN algorithms, whenever possible, use dynamic, wave front propagation-based methods instead of relying on morphologic operators were embedded into iterative algorithms. The system first locates the handwritten lines in the page image, then corrects their skew as necessary. It then searches for the words within the lines and corrects the skew at the word level as well. A novel trigger wave-based word segmentation algorithm is presented, which operates on the skeletons of words. Sample results of experiments conducted on a database of 25 handwritten pages along with suggestions for future development are presented.