In the last decades, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have become recognized as an important and integral part of life as well as education. At the same time, the implementation and use of ICT in schools is one of the longstanding strategic objectives and priorities in education policy in the Czech Republic. However, up to now, rather little attention has been paid to the research in the use of digital technologies in Czech schools with regard to students' performance. The purpose of the present study is therefore to investigate various ICT-related factors associated with school performance of students in the Czech Republic. Specifically, this study takes data from the latest Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2015) to determine the extent to which availability and use of ICT in school and at home is related to students' educational achievements. Results of this study can provide substantial implications and suggestions for national ICT policies (especially the Strategy for Digital Education until 2020).
Digital technologies are a common feature of present society and people's lives. They have made a significant entry into education as well. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) therefore become an important political issue as early as the last decades of the 20th century, when this topic was reflected in the priorities and goals of educational policies. In the present study, the authors focus on the history and transformations of educational policies regarding ICTs in two European countries with distinct geographies, economies, and politics. These countries nevertheless share several features concerning integrating ICTs into education. The authors use a qualitative comparative study of the two countries to approach the two countries as cases, thus enabling relatively detailed insight into the issue, including its contexts. The goals of the study are to describe the cultural, historical, and political context of ICTs implementation in education and explore the development and transformations of Czech and Norwegian educational policies regarding ICTs since their start in the two educational systems. The authors explore the approaches the two countries chose to integrate ICTs into their respective education systems. The study concludes by comparing the states of affairs of implementation of digital technologies in education in four specific areas.
Rozhodování rodičů o odkladu školní docházky v kontextu výběru školy 1 Kristýna VlčkováMasarykova univerzita, Ústav pedagogických věd, Filozofická fakulta Abstrakt: Odkladů školní docházky je v České republice v porovnání s okolními zeměmi dlouhodobě mnoho. Podle české legislativy vydávají impulz k odkladu rodiče, kteří se mohou ve stejné době rozhodovat, na kterou školu své dítě zapíšou. Cílem této stati je odpovědět na otázku: Jak rodiče přemýšlejí o odkladu školní docházky svých dětí v kontextu výběru základní školy? V této studii prezentuji výsledky šetření, při kterém jsem analyzovala data získaná pomocí deseti hloubkových rozhovorů s rodiči předškoláků, jejichž děti navštěvují mateřskou školu v lokalitě centra jednoho velkého města, anebo se rodiče chystají v této lokalitě zapsat své dítě do 1. třídy základní školy. Tyto rozhovory byly zaměřeny na téma volby základní školy a vynořilo se při nich subtéma odkladů školní docházky. Z analýzy rozhovorů vyplývá, že rodiče vybírají školu dvojím způsobem. Jedním je strategie přijatelné varianty, při níž volí první přijatelnou základní školu, zatímco rodiče se strategií seznamu přání vybírají z dostupných škol podle vlastních kritérií tu nejvhodnější. Ukazuji, že těmto strategiím může předcházet tzv. vylučovací metoda, tedy odmítnutí spádové školy, ta je však pouze nultým krokem, po kterém následuje některá ze dvou strategií volby školy. V závěru popisuji, že rodiče užívající strategii přijatelné varianty vyjadřují větší důvěru v odbornost institucí a při rozhodování o odkladu školní docházky se přiklánějí k jejich názoru více, než je tomu u rodičů se strategií seznamu přání, kteří jsou v rozhodování nezávislejší.Klíčová škola: odklad školní docházky, volba základní školy, základní škola, vztahy rodiny a školy Parental Decision Making about the Postponement of the Commencement of School Attendance in the Context of School ChoiceAbstract: Delays in commencing school attendance are frequent in the Czech Republic, compared to the surrounding countries . According to Czech legislation, parents can opt for such a postponement and they can also decide which school the child enters . The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how parents think about delaying the commencement of their children's schooling in the context of primary school choice. In this study, I present the results of research in which I analyzed data obtained through ten in-depth interviews with parents of preschool children whose children attend a nursery school in the centre of a large city or parents planning to enrol their child in the first grade of primary school. These interviews focused on the topic of school choice and the subject of delayed commencement of school attendance emerged . The analysis of the interviews shows that parents choose a school in two ways . One is a strategy of an acceptable option by choosing the first acceptable primary school, while parents with a wish list strategy choose the best school from those that are available according to their own criteria . I show ...
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