To assess the prevalence and occurrence of eleven periodontopathogens in subgingival biofi lm of banded and bonded molars during the fi rst period of fi xed orthodontic treatment. Subjects were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment and were divided in two groups: group A comprised fi fteen patients (14.4±2.45 years of age) who received orthodontic bands on fi rst permanent molars and group B of ten patients (15.7±1.87 years of age) with directly bonded tubes on the labial surface of the same teeth. Subgingival sample collection was performed before bands and tubes application and 4-7 weeks after attachment placement. DNA-strip tehnique was used to assess the presence of eleven putative periodontopathogens at each time point. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp. were found in a large number of samples, other periodontopathogens were present in a smaller rate. The 4-7 weeks after attachment placement a slight increase of putative species was observed in both groups.*Corresponding author; E-mail: lillalorinczi@yahoo.com 104 MÁRTHA et al. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 63, 2016The presence of orthodontic tubes and bands infl uence the accumulation and composition of subgingival microbiota. Higher level of oral hygiene should be achieved before and during orthodontic treatment in order to prevent any side effects on periodontal tissues.

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Zirconia dioxide represents the current alternative in restoring primary teeth, being the most promising restorative material through its properties that offer. Zirconia crowns main properties are its aesthetics, resistance to fracture and compression, biocompatibility, alternative for the patients that are allergic to Ni-Cr. This cross-sectional study pointed out the correlations between the rate of applicability of the Ni-Cr crowns and the ZrO2 crowns, as well as the range of applicability of the ZrO2 crowns on temporary teeth among practitioners. The method of choice in the case of extensive carious lesions treatment on the primary teeth was the restoration using filling materials. From the 33,2% of the dentists who decide to apply a pedodontics crown, 75% use the Ni-Cr crowns, and only 25% of them choose the ZrO2 crown (p<0.0001). The applicability of ZrO2 crowns in pediatric dentistry is quite reduced, despite their physiognomic advantages, their excessive cost can also be an impediment for the patient's parents.

The use of maxillary expanders has the effect of distancing the maxillary bones at the level of the median palatal suture. During maxillary expansion, the main resistance forces occur at the zygomatico-maxillary sutures, and not in the median palatal suture, which is the basic principle on which this method is based. In this observational study, we evaluated possible complications at the skeletal and dentoalveolar level after palatal split using miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) associated or not with corticopuncture (CP) therapy. The study included 27 patients with maxillary transverse deficiency and unilateral or bilateral cross-bite. Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired before and after expansion. The mid-palatal suture was separated in 88.88% of cases, buccal bone height of the alveolar crest had decreased at first molar both at oral and palatal level by approximately 2.07 mm in 40.7% of cases whilst the remaining 59.3% showed insignificant bone loss, with canines exhibiting buccal tipping of 4.10° in 62.5% of cases. Changes of the occlusal planes were observed in 10 cases (37%). Maxillary canines tended to show symmetric buccal inclinations relative to the maxillary basal bone. Six patients; 22.22% showed hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the palatal mucosa associated with ulcerations, erythema, itching, and discomfort in the area. Swelling at the mid-palatal suture after split was observed in all cases and was caused by the resultant force. No cases of necrosis of the palatal mucosa were observed. Although occlusal modifications occur after palatal split, especially in unilateral cross-bite cases, these changes can be treated with the help of fixed orthodontic appliances.

Chemotherapy, as a treatment method in paediatric oncology, coincides with the physiological process of tooth development. The interference between cytostatic agents and the cycle of the cells with specialised functions in the formation and mineralisation of dental structures leads to the appearance of abnormalities in the development of the tooth buds, structural defects and disorderly eruption. We have looked into the distribution of developmental tooth disorders in a group of children suffering from malignant ailments. The study reveals a high occurrence of microdontia and agenesis of premolars among children diagnosed with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age between 1 and 6, as well as tooth eruption disturbances in 70% of the children. The nature and the severity of dental abnormalities depend on the type of cytostatic medication, the dosage and the frequency of therapeutic cycles, the age of the child at the beginning of the oncological therapy, as well as on the stage of the odontogenesis.