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There is renewed interest in person-centered approaches to understanding the structure of temperament. However, questions concerning temperament types are not frequently framed in a developmental context, especially during infancy. In addition, the most common person-centered techniques, Cluster Analysis (CA) and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), have not been compared with respect to derived temperament types. To address these gaps, we set out to identify temperament types for younger and older infants, comparing LPA and CA techniques. Multiple data sets (N = 1,356; 672 girls, 677 boys) with maternal ratings of infant temperament obtained using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) were combined. All infants were between 3 and 12 months of age (mean = 7.85; SD = 3.00). Due to rapid development in the first year of life, LPA and CA were performed separately for younger (n = 731; 3-to-8 months of age) and older (n = 625; 9-to-12 months of age) infants. Results supported 3-profile/cluster solutions as optimal for younger infants, and 5-profile/cluster solutions for the older subsample, indicating considerable differences between early/mid and late infancy. LPA and CA solutions produced relatively comparable types for younger and older infants. Results are discussed in the context of developmental changes unique to the end of the first year of life, which likely account for the present findings.

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Recent research has demonstrated a relationship between infants' tonic electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns and approach-style jealousy responses (Mize & Jones, 2012). Although it has been found that adults exhibit approach-style neural activity during jealousy paradigms (Harmon-Jones, Peterson, and Harris, 2009), parallel research on neural activity during a jealousy paradigm in infants is lacking from the literature base. The purpose of the current research is to examine EEG patterns of 35 infants (Mean age = 8.92 months old) in a social-rival paradigm designed to elicit jealousy responses. Consistent with past research, infants demonstrated more approach-style, jealousy-related behaviors when their mothers attended to a social-rival than to a nonsocial rival. Additionally, infants demonstrated approach-style anterior EEG activity during the social-rival condition, a pattern that is associated with jealousy. The current findings suggest that the physiological underpinnings for the emotions that motivate the protection of important dyadic relationships are in place early in ontogeny. Therefore, jealousy-type behaviors and physiological responses begin to be observable as early as 9-months-old when maternal attention is lost to a social-rival.Jealousy is considered a complex or blended emotion involving an array of more basic emotions (Parrot, 1991) developing from the loss or feared Correspondence should be sent to Krystal D. Mize or Nancy Aaron Jones,

Guided by evolutionary psychology and a situational perspective on violence, we generated three hypotheses to investigate whether the percentage of intimate partner homicides by beating, a hands-on homicide method, varies with the victim-offender relationship. We tested these hypotheses with a national database that includes incident-level information on over 50,000 intimate partner homicides. The results indicate that (1) men are more likely than women to kill a partner by beating, and (2) men are more likely to kill their partners by beating when the relationship is dating or non-marital cohabiting (versus legal marriage). We argue that the lack of commitment in these non-marital relationships may produce greater jealousy in men, driving the perpetrator to kill his victim in a more violent manner (i.e., beating), relative to men who kill their wives.