Quorum sensing (QS) is the way bacterial cells communicate can trigger or regulate pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Targeting the quorum sensing system with the help of docking algorithms can reduce the cost and time to screen for potential anti-quorum sensing drugs. Ayapana triplinervis, an ethnobotanical from the Philippines is a potential source of bioactive compounds to inhibit quorum sensing. This study shows potential compounds present in Ayapana triplinervis that could disrupt the quorum sensing system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the use of molecular docking simulations. Selection and identification of bioactive compounds found in Ayapana triplinervis was based from previous metabolite screening reports. This study utilizes virtual screening in order to identify which among the compounds to be the potent quorum sensing inhibitor. The molecular structures of the thirty-one identified bioactive compounds were obtained from PubChem (nih.gov) in SDF file. These molecular structures of the compounds from Ayapana triplinervis served as the ligands and docked to the active site of the PqsR, PqsD, and LasR of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Autodock Vina algorithms. The bioactive compounds were virtually screened using Autodock Vina to determine the binding affinity of each compounds to the active site of PqsR, PqsD, and LasR. Compounds with a low binding affinity has a potential to be developed as anti-quorum agent to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results showed that out of the 31 compounds, caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, 2-(Isobutyryloxy)-Thymol methyl ether, β-elemene, and cyperadiene have successfully inhibited the PqsR, PqsD, and LasR based from the computed binding affinity. 2- (Isobutyryloxy)-Thymol methyl ether formed hydrogen bond in the active site of all the proteins related governing the quorum sensing process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making the compound a candidate drug to disrupt the signaling pathway of the system.

Development of antibiotic resistant strains in pathogenic bacteria is an alarming issue worldwide. Utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could be possible way to address this concern but the conventional methods of producing AgNPs are toxic to the environment and expensive. This study demonstrates a cleaner and cheaper way of synthesizing AgNPs using silver tolerant bacterium and sunlight. Isolate I-NEUST was isolated from a local junkshop at Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines was able to tolerate 3.5 mM of AgNO 3 and was found to be closely related to Bacilli species. AgNPs were successfully synthesized with a size of 63.8 nm and concentration of 4.44 mM. Silver nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against multidrug human pathogens. The effect was more distinct on Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Nanoparticles also showed prominent activity on Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Hence, the present study demonstrates that biologically synthesized nanoparticle could be employed for developing antibacterial drug.

Many fruits and vegetables are being thrown in the garbage because some believed that these were just rubbish, but nowadays, fruits and vegetables may not be considered wastes anymore. Fruit and vegetables peel is known to be agro-waste, which is discarded into the environment. Instead of being used as a source of antimicrobials, environmentalists and researchers found ways on the antibacterial potential of some fruits and vegetable peels. The presence of important components that can be used for pharmacological or therapeutic purposes has also been discovered by unique peel studies. This study employed a quasi-experimental design (QED) in selected fruits and vegetables waste peel of Cabanatuan City Public Market to determine their antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923. Ethanolic extracts were tested for the antibacterial screening using disk diffusion assay. Visual assessment was used for the results of antibacterial potential such as the presence or absence of clear inhibition or halo around the paper disc. The results showed that peel extracts of Musa acuminate L.,

One more method that can be used in the fight against communicable diseases is greatly important. Numerous pathogenic bacteria use intercellular signaling known as quorum sensing (QS) in defining virulence gene expression as well as gene regulatory mechanisms. Among the most promising sources of QSI agents are the ethnobotanicals. Extraction used 95% n-hexane in ethnobotanical leaves of A. triplinervis, B. pilosa, C. nocturnum, S. glabra, P. pentandrum, O. trinervis, D. elliptica, A. scholaris, A. adenophora, and Lipang daga (no scientific name). Extracts that were negative in the antibacterial testing proceeded to the QSI assay for pyocyanin production. The ten ethnobotanical extracts did not exhibit antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and were found to increase the pyocyanin production therefore the absence of QSI. However, all plant extracts can be used to increase the production of pyocyanin to accumulate more metabolites that are proven to have important biological and biotechnological applications.

Light regulates a wide array of developmental process in plants, two of these processes are seed germination and chlorophyll development. The effect of different light qualities to the germination of Mustard seeds was observed. In addition, observation of chloroplast development was done. After 48 hours of treatment, germination was highest in white LED light and germination was significantly high to seeds exposed blue and red. Absence of light greatly affected the sprouting of seeds with only 42.22 percent germination success. Development of chloroplast was observed in seedling after two hours of exposure in white LED which is comparable to the result obtained in natural light. Chloroplasts did not develop in the seedling exposed to blue light, but chloroplast developed in the plant treated with red light. This suggests that red light predominantly regulates chloroplast differentiation but still the presence blue light is needed supported by the result obtained in treatment of white light. Taken in together, both red and blue lights are essential in promoting germination and chlorophyll development. Moreover, white LED could be used as an alternative source of light in aiming to increase germination of Mustard seeds and induce chlorophyll development.