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The economic changes that began with the fall of communism in 1989 have helped Poland to establish one of the strongest economies in Eastern Europe today. Not all parts of society have benefited equally from the positive economic picture however. Those who are unemployed, living on a pension, single parents, or residents of rural communities are at risk of living in poverty in Poland's new economic environment. This paper assesses the views of people in these four groups in terms of their perceived need for basic necessities (money for food, rent, and medicine) and for luxury activities (culture, relaxation, and education). The findings have implications for social welfare policies and services in Poland.

The appearance and development of scientific schools is one of the important characteristics of the development of science in general. To certain degree it also applies to social work so we are introducing the “semi-schools” category. In this short paper few American as well Polish examples are being used. During analysis of history of social work it is worthy to take this direction into consideration.

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