There is much less research on the relationship between shift work and positive states experienced in the workplace, e.g., emotions and work ability. Using the job demands-resources model, conservation of resources theory and the broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, the direct and indirect (mediated via positive and negative emotions) relations between the complex of job resources and work ability were tested in the group of shift and non-shift workers. Three types of resources related to task, leadership and interpersonal relations were taken into account. Data were collected among 1510 workers. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that only leadership was directly related to high work ability in both occupational groups. Indirect effects of positive and negative emotions were strongly supported. Both of them mediate the effects of the three analysed job resources on work ability, but individual job resources impacted were different. Leadership resources led to “good” work ability by the intensification of positive and reduction of negative emotions. Interpersonal resources decrease negative emotions. Task resources, conversely, intensified positive emotions, which in turn increased work ability. These research results shed more light on the ways of shaping work ability among shift and non-shift workers.

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Occupational hardiness is a pattern of attitudes and strategies that stimulates an individual to perceive stressful work situations as controllable, worth dealing with, and contributing to professional development. One of the popular tools in the world to measure this construct is the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ) developed by Moreno-Jiménez et al. It has a three-factor structure, proven construct validity, and good internal consistency. The overarching aim of the study was to prepare a Polish adaptation of the OHQ based on a sample of Polish employees working in health care, education and science, and customer service. The questionnaire-based research was conducted in two stages, with two independent samples. The first study was cross-sectional. Their results were used to estimate the factorial validity, construct validity, and internal consistency of the adapted tool. Participants in the first study were 1,212 employees (originally 1,315) of health care (n = 400), education and science (n = 410), and customer service (n = 400) sectors. The second study, which was longitudinal in nature, included two measurements and was used to estimate test–retest reliability. Of the 400 participants (employees of customer service), 205 completed the questionnaire in two measurements. The Polish version of the OHQ has a three-factor structure, confirmed construct validity and good internal consistency. The Polish version of the OHQ is ideal for scientific research, but can also be used in practice: in career counseling, recruitment, selection, or screening.