Despite improvements in the safety of surgical procedures, leaving a foreign object in a patient’s body is still one of the complications of surgical procedures. The literature lacks an analysis of the effectiveness of specific diagnostic tests in detecting foreign objects. The authors present a discussion of the effectiveness of selected techniques and examples of the appearance of foreign bodies in radiological images based on the description of 10 cases. Leaving surgical haemostatic material in the abdominal or pelvic cavity is an underestimated phenomenon that poses a serious diagnostic problem. Computed tomography is the most sensitive method for detecting a foreign body, while a chest or abdominal X-ray is the simplest and most effective way to identify the surgical material. Ultrasound, although widely available, has not shown utility in diagnosing foreign bodies in our cases. Awareness of this problem is necessary to avoid unnecessary mortality in surgical patients.

The authors present seven cases of surgical drape left in body cavities during surgical operations. The most common symptoms reported by these patients are analysed and the consequences of leaving a foreign body in the abdominal cavity are summarised. In the majority of cases, the time elapsed from the operation to the detection of the foreign body was an average of 17 months. In one case, the foreign body remained in the abdomen for 7 years. The most common symptom reported by patients was abdominal pain. Some patients also developed wound healing disorders with leakage of pus from the wound, fever, nausea and vomiting, weight loss or intermittent tarry stools. In most cases, the foreign body required reoperation to remove it. Major surgery with stoma creation or bowel resection was required. In one case described, the consequence of leaving a surgical drape was the death of the patient. In three cases, there was spontaneous expulsion of the surgical sling by the patient by natural means.

In this article, we discuss benign and malignant spermatic cord tumors.We attempted to compile this rare group of diseases by reviewing the international literature.Tumors of the spermatic cord are found very rarely. However, it is important to be aware of their occurrence, as they can cause a protrusion in the inguinal area. They are usually misdiagnosed as an inguinal hernia.The most common tumors in this area are benign -usually they are lipomas. In 20-70% of cases, adipose tumors accompany an inguinal hernia. Therefore, they should be kept in mind whenever a patient presents with symptoms of herniation in the inguinal region. Tumors of the spermatic cord may also involve the scrotum and manifest themselves as testicular hydrocele. Such a tumor is, for example, aggressive angiomyxoma. It is a locally malignant tumor that tends to infiltrate and compress the surrounding tissues but does not tend to give metastasis, therefore according to the WHO classification it is a benign tumor.However, malignant tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma, which is the most common malignant neoplasm of testicular appendages, can also be located in the spermatic cord. The second most common soft tissue sarcoma is leiomyosarcoma, with poor initial prognosis, or metastases of malignant tumors from other organs, e.g. renal adenocarcinoma.As the prognosis for malignant tumors of the spermatic cord is generally dependent on the stage at the time of diagnosis, oncological vigilance and early diagnosis allow for faster detection of these tumors, which may improve the prognosis of patients with tumors in this location.

Pancreatic cancer, despite significant medical advances, is still a significant clinical problem. This article focuses on discussing risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. These elements are crucial in making a prompt diagnosis and initiating treatment. On average, a physician in primary care sees a patient with undiagnosed pancreatic cancer once every few years. Knowing the underlying symptoms and referring the patient to an appropriate center can significantly increase survival. Diagnostic methods include physical examination, numerous imaging techniques, and determination of tumor markers in serum. Surgical treatment combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is the only chance of cure for pancreatic cancer patients qualified for surgery. However, most patients experience tumor recurrence. When a tumor recurs, treatment for these patients and patients with unresectable disease is palliative chemotherapy. Numerous studies are currently underway to improve diagnostic and treatment methods.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> Paraganglioma is a rare, usually benign neoplasm originating from the carotid bodies and belonging to a large group of head and neck tumors. It is characterized by slow growth and varied clinical manifestations, often remaining asymptomatic for a long time.</br> <br><b>Case report:</b> We present a case of a 19-year-old male patient with carotid body tumor who developed a postoperative left cerebral infraction.</br>