This study evaluated the effective dose of Ga-67 for a patient undergoing Ga-67 citrate nuclear examination by applying thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) technique and an indigenous water phantom. The Ga-67 radionuclide remaining in the body inevitably generated a measurable internal dose even though gamma camera scanning took only minutes to complete the clinical examination. For effective simulation of the cumulated effective dose for a patient undergoing examination, 150 TLDs were placed inside the water phantom for 6 days to monitor the gamma ray dose from the distributed Ga-67 citrate solution. The inserted TLDs represented internal organs, and the effective dose was calculated according to data in the ICRP-60 report. The water phantom was designed to model the body of a healthy human weighing 70 kg, and the water that was mixed with Ga-67 citrate solution was slowly replaced with fresh feed water to yield the required biological half life of the phantom. After continuously feeding in fresh water throughout the 6 days of TLD exposure, the TLDs were analyzed to determine the effective doses from the various biological half lives of the phantom. The derived effective dose of 185 MBq Ga-67 citrate solution for male/female (M/F) was 10.7/12.2, 10.7/12.0, 8.7/9.9 and 6.0/6.8 mSv, of biological half lives of 6.0, 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 days, respectively. Although these experimental results correlated well with earlier empirical studies, they were lower than most calculated values. The cumulated uncertainty in the effective dose was 12.5–19.4%, which was acceptable in terms of both TLD counting statistic and reproducibility.

The aim of this work tried to optimize the spider view of the coronary angiograph for the clinical diagnosis of cardiac artery disease by cardiologists. A qualified spider view in coronary angiography must be exactly a "quasi-spider" image, which can help to diagnose a lesion in left main coronary artery and related regions. Coronary artery phantom was placed in a 75 mm-thick acrylic box to model a 70 kg human thorax. Eighteen groups of various combinations of operating factors of the X-ray facility were organized based on a Taguchi analysis. The six factors that govern the imaging quality of X-ray were (A) whether the X-rays emitted through a filter, (B, C) the Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) and Caudal Angulation (CAU) projection angles, (D) X-ray peak voltage (kVp), (E) X-ray pulse duration and current (mAs) and (F) distance between X-ray source and intensifying plate (SID). The obtained X-ray spider view images of each group were graded to determine the optimal settings; X-ray emitted without filter, 70° LAO, 30° CAU, 110 kVp, 1.5 mAs and 108 cm of SID. X-ray imaging quality optimal result was confirmed based on a clinical diagnosis of 43 patients, to prove the effectiveness of this study.

Purpose: The surgical operation to remove the tumor is the premier treatment method for rectal cancer, and the radiation therapy is an auxiliary but important way. The radiation treatments for rectal cancer include preoperative irradiation and postoperative irradiation. The purpose of this study is to compare different treatment planning techniques for preoperative pelvic irradiation of rectal cancer. The comparisons include three‐field vs four‐field (box) techniques and the treatment planning with full bladder vs post voiding bladder. Method and Materials: The different planning techniques for the same patient were compared via score function of TCP (Tumor Control Probability) and NTCP (Normal Tissue Complication Probability). The organs contoured include femoral head, intestine, and urinary bladder walls with full bladder and with post voiding bladder for the same PTV. All patients were treated with preoperative irradiation at VGH‐Taipei. These patients include 6 male and 3 female with a mean age of 51.67 (28–76). The clinical stages for all patients are stage II and III rectal cancer (AJCC T2–4 N0–2 M0). The total dose was 4500 cGy with a fraction size of 225 cGy. ANOVA (F‐test) was performed for the results analysis Results: The results from score function show the treatment with 3‐field is better than that with 4‐field. It also shows the treatment with full bladder is better than that with post voiding bladder. Conclusion: In the F test, the P value of field factor (3‐field vs 4‐field) is 0.00024. It means the field factor is a significant factor. The P value of the bladder‐status factor (full or empty bladder) is 0.59 (<0.95). It means the bladder‐status factor isn't significant. Therefore, we conclude the treatment field is a treatment planning factor, but not bladder‐status. However, we need more patients to make a much solid conclusion for the bladder‐status factor.