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In this study, surface roughness analysis was performed in the turning of C45 steel underMinimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and dry machining conditions. For this purpose, turningexperiments were carried out using two different cutting speeds and feed parameters. In order to improvethe machinability of C45 steel, which is one of the most used industrial materials, a graphical and statisticalevaluation was made as well as the optimization approach. With three different evaluations, both thepositive effect of MQL on the roughness in the turning process has been explained and differentperspectives have been created for C45 steel in terms of surface roughness. The optimum values of the bestsurface roughness were determined and the cutting conditions was revealed as the most important parametereffecting the roughness by analysis of variance.

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