A rubber composite was prepared by using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) to modify silica (SiO2) and epoxidized eucommia ulmoides gum (EEUG) as rubber additives to endow silica with excellent dispersion and interfacial compatibility under the action of processing shear. The results showed that compared with the unmodified silica-reinforced rubber composite (SiO2/EUG/SBR), the bound rubber content of MTES-SiO2/EEUG/EUG/SBR was increased by 184%, and its tensile strength, modulus at 100% strain, modulus at 300% strain, and tear strength increased by 42.1%, 88.5%, 130.8%, and 39.9%, respectively. The Akron abrasion volume of the MTES-SiO2/EEUG/EUG/SBR composite decreased by 50.9%, and the wet friction coefficient increased by 43.2%. The wear resistance and wet skid resistance of the rubber composite were significantly improved.