Background: Menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in Indian society and it is strongly related with misconceptions and cultural restrictions. Learning about hygiene during menstruation is a vital aspect of health education for adolescent girls as patterns that are developed in adolescence are likely to persist into adult life. Methods: A community based cross sectional study conducted in urban and rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Khaja Banda Nawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga from Feb 2015 to July 2015. A total 230 adolescent girls were included in the study of which 123 from urban and 107 from rural area, after taking their verbal consent. Results: Total 163 (70.9%) adolescent girls were aware about menstruation before the attainment of menarche. Awareness in urban area 95 (77.2%) was found higher compared to rural area 68(63.5%) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.02). It has been found that 83(67.5%) study participants from urban area used sanitary napkin during menstruation compared to only 56(52.3%) from rural area and this difference found statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: Overall awareness about menstruation was found low in both urban and rural area and needed to be increased by intensive health education among adolescents.

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Introduction: India has got the label of “an ageing nation” due to contribution of elderly population to demographic figures increasing day by day. Elderly persons face dual disease burden that is communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To find out prevalence of various geriatric morbidities. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 463 geriatric persons residing in urban field practice area from Jan 2018 to June 2018. Results: Overall prevalence of musculoskeletal problems was found 72.3%. Prevalence of respiratory problems like asthma, tuberculosis etc. was 17.3%. As the age increases number of participants with presence of any morbidities also increases and this difference was found statistically significant. Presence of any morbidity was found higher among widow or widower compared to married participants and this difference was also found statistically significant. Conclusions: Present study shows higher prevalence of morbidities among geriatric population like musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, impaired vision, anemia etc. Increased life expectancy, rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes all contribute to higher prevalence of morbidities. Lifestyle modification, appropriate delivery of preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care services to geriatric age group would definitely help them to lead a life in a healthy manner.