IDC is common in elderly persons, especially in the annulus fibrosus and lower thoracic spine. The prevalence of IDC increases with age and extent of disk space loss.

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using autografts or allografts is being performed with increasing frequency, particularly in young athletes. Although the procedure is generally well tolerated, with good success rates, early and late complications have been documented. As clinical manifestations of graft complications are often non-specific and plain radiographs cannot directly visualize the graft and the adjacent soft tissues, MR imaging has a definite role in the diagnosis of complications after ACL reconstruction and may direct subsequent therapeutic management. Our purpose is to review the normal MR imaging of the ACL graft and present the MR imaging findings of a wide spectrum of complications after ACL reconstruction, such as graft impingement, graft rupture, cystic degeneration of the graft, postoperative infection of the knee, diffuse and localized (i.e., cyclops lesion) arthrofibrosis, and associated donor site abnormalities. Awareness of the MR imaging findings of complications as well as the normal appearances of the normal ACL graft is essential for correct interpretation.

Intramedullary osteosclerosis is a distinct disorder that typically affects the diaphysis of one or both tibiae in women. Characteristic imaging findings, when coupled with clinical information, allow precise diagnosis.

Objective: To compare LUS with other volume assessment methods, and to verify the prognostic value of LUS in Thai chronic HD patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 36 chronic HD patients. Volume status before the HD session was evaluated by physical examinations, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and ultrasound lung comets (ULCs). Mortality and morbidities were recorded during a 1-year follow-up period. Results: The degree of lung fluid accumulation was assessed by summation of the number of ULCs, and was classified into 3 groups: mild-to-moderate (ULC<15–29), severe (ULC=30–59), and very severe (ULC>60) in 11.1%, 77.8%, and 11.1% of the patients, respectively. Either clinical edema or lung crackle had low sensitivity (20-32%) to detect extravascular lung water excess in patient with mild-to-moderate ULC and severe ULC. Overhydration assessed by BIA was found in 75% and 64.3% of patients with mild-to-moderate and severe ULC, respecively.  In patients with very severe ULC, the admission rate due to volume overload was significantly higher, there was also a trend of increased mortality, as well as intradialytic complications. Conclusion: Clinical assessment and BIA have limited value in determining extravascular fluid excess in the lung. Lung ultrasound is a useful tool to detect subclinical pulmonary congestion. The long-term outcome by using LUS-guided fluid management needs larger population studies.