Basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm consists of a monomorphic population of basaloid epithelial cells, and it accounts for approximately 1-2 % of all salivary gland tumors. Its most frequent location is the parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm and mobile slow-growing mass. Histologically, isomorphic cells in nests and interlaced trabecules with a prominent basal membrane are observed. In contrast to pleomorphic adenoma, it tends to be multiple and its recurrence rate after surgical excision is high. Due to prognostic implications, differential diagnosis with basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is mandatory. We report a case of BCA of the parotid gland. We also review the literature and discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare entity.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid enlargement, whether diffuse or in the form of a nodule, leads to a battery of investigations to be done. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is usually the first line of investigation but the limitations of cytology are well recognized in the diagnosis of some thyroid malignancies, in particular it is not able to differentiate between follicular adenoma and carcinoma. We conducted a prospective study to assess the role of FNAC in diagnosing the nature of thyroid swelling and comparing its result with histopathology finding.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study conducted on 100 consecutive patients presented with thyroid swelling in department of otorhinolaryngology.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The present data show high specificity (96.29%) of FNAC as compared to sensitivity, which came out to be (78.9%). Positive and negative predictive value is 93.75% and 95.23%. This is quite similar to previous studies.</p><p class="p1"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FNAC has high specificity (96.29%), sensitivity (78.9%), positive predictive value (93.75%), negative predictive value (95.23%) and accuracy (95%) therefore it can be reliably used as initial investigation. A benign FNAC diagnosis should be viewed with caution as false negative results do occur and these patients should be followed up clinico-radiologically for any progression that will require repeated FNAC and/or surgery. </p>

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this case series study is to share our experiences regarding paraphenylenediamine (PPD) poisoning, its otolaryngological clinical presentation ,outcomes and need of tracheostomy in patients of hair dye poisoning at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, U.P.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was carried out on 165 patients who presented in GSVM medical college Kanpur in period of December 2012 till December 2014. Data including demographic features (age, sex, marital status, socio-economic status), clinical features, laboratory findings, mode of intoxication (accidental or suicide) were collected and recorded.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A majority of the patients were young females (21-30 years) and belonged to a low socioeconomic class. The main cause was intentional suicidal ingestion. Cervicofacial edema, stridor, hoarseness of voice and pain in throat were initial symptoms. Tracheostomy was needed in 115 (69.69%) patients. Mortality of 21 (12.72%) patients was observeds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is a major emerging health problem with high mortality. It is a medical emergency and early intervention is needed to save patient's life. It is imperative to raise public awareness of the potential toxicity of the dye as well as to educate physicians about the need for aggressive and early treatment. </p></div></div></div></div>

Lemierre Syndrome: A rare case of forgotten desease. Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic abscesses following or pharyngeal infection. Though classically caused by Fuso bacterium necrophorum, a number of other causative organisms have been reported in literature. We report a case of lemierre's syndrome following pharyngitis.